European Colonization Of The New World - 1224 Words

European colonization of the New World began during the European age of exploration and following the discovery of resources in the New World. The various motives of the Spanish, British, and French imperialists were reflected in the political, economic, and social changes that occurred in the areas each government claimed. These changes are very distinctive and led to drastic changes in their respective areas. Spanish conquistadors sought gold and treasure from uncharted lands. Backed by the infantile Christian Spanish crown, the conquistadors desired to bring glory to the Spanish Empire and spread the Christian faith. Their motives could be summarized by the motto, â€Å"gold, glory, God.† The superior technology of the Spanish allowed conquistadors to swiftly conquer the Incan and Aztec Empires. Cortez and Pizzaro laid waste to Cuzco and Tenochtitlan. In addition to the riches plundered from Peru and Mexico, the Spanish took advantage of an abundance of silver to engage in the lucrative Asian trade. To extract the silver, the Spanish minority employed Native Americans as slave labor. Spanish colonization led to a complex social structure amongst the Native Americans, Spanish, and African Slaves. Peninsulares, Iberian born Spaniards, were at the top of the hierarchy, followed by Creoles, New World born Spaniards. Next were the mestizos and mulattoes, people of Spanish and Native Am erican or African lineage. In addition to the social hierarchy, the Spanish crated the EncomiendaShow MoreRelatedEuropean Exploration And Colonization Of The New World1248 Words   |  5 PagesThe political, economic, and social reasons for European exploration and colonization of the New World Power was the main focus for the Europeans to explore and colonize the new world. The Europeans realized by possessing colonies in the new world, they would grow and have more power to challenge other nations. The Spanish became a competitor because they started to realize how valuable the new land could be to their country by obtaining new riches from the land. By discovering these riches, theRead MoreThe European Nations And The Colonization Of The New World898 Words   |  4 PagesThe European Nations short after the discovery of the New World sought out to colonize it for befits of there own nations. The three European Nations most involved in the colonization of the New World was Spain, France and England but each for there own unique reasons. The Spanish, the French and the English desire for wealth, religious expansion, and political advantages motivated them to attempt to colonize the New World. Although they were all able to set foot on the New World some where ableRead M oreEuropean Nations And The Colonization Of Africa1492 Words   |  6 Pagesof being faced with Conquest, Colonization, and Military Invasions from Europe since the early 1970’s and up to the 1900’s. Many were standing against the idea of being captured or colonized by these Europeans leaders and countries. The only two countries that have not been touched or colonized by Europe is Ethiopia and Liberia, unfortunately (Fortunately). Most of the Africa’s countries has been touched by European conquerors. There are three main factors why European nations have decided to go intoRead MoreImperialism Dbq Ap European History846 Words   |  4 PagesBetween the period from 1880 to 1914, European powers went after overseas empires in Africa. The governments and political leaders of the European powers believed that this colonization of the African empires was necessary to maintain their global influence. A second group of people supposed that African colonization was the result of the greedy Capitalists who \only cared for new resources and markets. The third group of people claimed it to be their job to enlighten and educate the uncivilizedRead MoreThe Expansion Of A Nation State Beyond The World1389 Words   |  6 PagesAs Europe climbs into a semi-peaceful time, many powers look for a way to expand their names beyond their claimed territories. Splicing through the 1850’s and beyond European powers spread through Africa, Australia, China, America, Japan and anywhere they could fi nd a resource to be exploited. Many great discoveries and advances appeared due to these colonization’s and expeditions, scientifically and historically. Imperialism is the expansion of a nation state beyond their position, whether it beRead MoreAfrican Slavery And The New World s Demographic Profile1014 Words   |  5 Pagesmaintenance, acquisition, and expansion of colony in one territory by a political power from another territory. It is a set of unequal relationships between the colonial power and the colony and often between the colonists and the indigenous population. Colonization is the act of setting up a colony away from one s place of origin. Colonists settled British North America for different reasons. Some came for profits; others came for religious freedom. For those colonies established for profit, the BritishRead MoreThe Atlantic Slave Trade Second Edition By Herbert S Klein And Economic Consequences Essay1273 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Atlantic Slave Trade† by Barbara L. Solow. My focus of the trade is labor demands, effects on Africa, European organization of trade, and economy leading up to the end of the trade and after. Together, the two books demonstrate that the Atlantic Slave Trade was more than just the trading of Africans to different continents, but was a historical point that heavily impacted the world socially, economically and politically. While acknowledging the similarities of the two books in my essay, IRead MoreColonization Of The United States1074 Words   |  5 PagesColonization in America has demonstrated all of the US history themes of exploration, encounter and exchange in the Americ as. From the beginning of colonization, in 1492 by Christopher Columbus, to the establishment of the first American colony, Jamestown in 1607, and to the creation of the thirteen colonies, there have been countless examples of exploration, encounter and exchange. The exploration of vast waters and unchartered territory led to new and undiscovered land and America being colonizedRead MoreHow Did Contact Between The European Arrivals And The Native Peoples Of The Americas Affect Both Groups?1545 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween the European arrivals and the native peoples of the Americas affect both groups? Europeans brought to the Americas catastrophic diseases that killed millions and decimated native populations, who possessed no immunity to the illnesses. The Europeans also had deliberate policies of subjugation and extermination, by which they brutally tortured or murdered natives due to the Europeans history of brutality in war and their consideration of the natives as no more than savages. The Europeans alsoRead MoreEssay on The Magnificent African Cake913 Words   |  4 Pagesthe video, The Magnificent African Cake by Basil Davidson, Africa was divided up into new colonies by Europeans. After the end of slavery in Africa, Europeans wanted to expand their empires for industrialization and commerce. This period of time was called the scramble for Africa because many European countries were claiming as much land from Africa. In 1884, the Berlin Congress was held and these European countries sliced up the African countries like a cake where each country got its portion

Australian Consumer Law Tutorial Answers Essay - 1541 Words

QUESTION 1 Studmaster Pty Ltd was a landlord that owned a shopping complex in Bourke Street, Melbourne. Mrs Tran operated the â€Å"Vietnamese Lunch Box† outlet in the food court. She had little ability to speak or read English, which the representatives for Studmaster knew about. Studmaster proposed a three year renewal of her lease at $48,000 per annum plus GST for the first year and CPI increments in the second and third years. A representative for Studmaster told Mrs Tran that: †¢ â€Å"We believe the new rent is very reasonable and below the market value†; and †¢ â€Å"The rent is lower than the rental paid by other tenants in the Food Court† Both statements were incorrect. Studmaster gave Mrs Tran 7 days to agree to the lease†¦show more content†¦Law: †¢ Section 18 (â€Å"misleading or deceptive conduct†) †¢ Eveready Australia Pty Ltd v Gillette Australia Pty Ltd OR Taco Company of Aust Inc v Taco Bell Pty Ltd (â€Å"objective test†) †¢ Section 29(1)(k) (â€Å"false or misleading representation concerning the place of origin of the goods†) †¢ Netcomm (Aust) v Dataplex Pty Ltd (p 616 of textbook) Application: †¢ Explain what â€Å"place of origin† means with reference to the discussion at the bottom of p 615 top of p 616 of the textbook †¢ Explain why the label â€Å"product of australia† was misleading as to the place of origin of the jumpers. †¢ Apply the objective test to explain why the woollen jumpers were misleading under section 18. In particular identify the target market and why a reasonable person would be misled about the label â€Å"Product of Australia†. Issue: What are the remedies? Law: †¢ Section 232 (injunction); Section 246 (corrective advertising; management to undertake training); Section 151 (fine); Section 218 (court enforceable undertakings) Application: †¢ Explain that the remedies can be covered in court enforceable undertakings or ordered by the Court. †¢ Explain what an injunction and corrective advertising would do †¢ Explain the maximum penalty of a fine for WWM and why the ACCC can pursue a fine. Conclusion WWM has made a false representation concerning the label ofShow MoreRelatedFaculty of Law and Management: International Marketing10010 Words   |  41 PagesFaculty of Law and Management School of Business Faculty of Law and Management School of Management International Marketing MKT3IMK Subject Learning Guide 2011 Andrew Gilmore Contents 1.0 Subject information at a glance 3 2.0 Subject description 4 3.0 Learning and assessment 4 3.1 Learning objectives 4 3.2 Assessing the learning objectives 4 3.3 Assessment tasks 5 3.3.1 Overview 5 3.3.2 Case Study 6 3.3.3 Final eamination 6 3.3.4 Group assignment 6 3.4 AssessmentRead MoreCase Study : Retails, A Retail Company2240 Words   |  9 PagesFair Trading a. Guarantees, warranties, and refunds - consumers have rights under a national law guarantees consumers’ rights when purchasing goods and services. It also includes the rights to repairs, replacements and refunds. This legislation can be applied even though they do not have a warranty or extended warranty. b. Product safety - an individual business is responsible for ensuring the products comply with Australian product safety laws. This legislation covers safety standards, bans, recallsRead MoreEconomics - Tutorial Answers26233 Words   |  105 Pages1 Managerial Economics 2010 Answers to All Tutorial Questions Topic 1 : What is managerial economics Questions from Chapter 1 of the Text (McTaggart, Findlay Parkin) Review Question 1 (pp. 4) List some examples of scarcity in Australia today. An example of scarcity at the economy-wide level would be people with lower incomes being forced to choose between food and petrol due to high prices for both. An example of scarcity at an individual level would be a person unable to afford bothRead MoreOperational Plan6660 Words   |  27 Pagesimprovement and expunction :Engaging with customers in choice making during Equipment hiring to ensure they are comfortable and well convinced with the product.. | * Ensure a market research is done * Conduct a customer survey in order to review on consumers’ feedback either positive or negative. * Fill in reports to identify and compare areas of concern e.g. after receiving customers feedback on equipment hired | * Check on customers satisfaction * Evaluate marketing data so as to check anyRead MoreHow Big Data And Kaggle Are Changing The World?3043 Words   |  13 Pagespreference for certain contributors and totally integrating market research and innovation by getting customers to submit own ideas and voting on each other’s ideas. Competitions range from predicting the progression of HIV to forecasting travel times on Australian freeways to detecting whales based on their noises. Current challenges include assisting with schizophrenia diagnosis by identifying the condition from MRA neuroimaging data, finding the Higgs Boson amidst the mountains of data collected by CERN’sRead MoreMarketing Communications Notes17720 Words   |  71 PagesChinese managers of SMEs in Hong Kong’ by Au and Tse ‘Ethical issues across cultures: managing the differing perspectives of China and the USA’ by Pitta, Fung and Isberg ‘The myth of the ethical consumer — do ethics matter in purchase behaviour?’ by Carrigan and Attalla ‘Press release’, Hong Kong Consumer Council. †¢ †¢ †¢ Please note that in this course, unless otherwise indicated, ‘product’ and ‘product category’ should be interpreted as ‘product/service’ and ‘product/service category’Read MoreSupply and Demand and Study Guide20292 Words   |  82 Pages Topic 2—Demand and supply Topic 2 introduces the simple market model of demand and supply. This model is used to explain trade between consumers and producers of goods and services. It will show you how to use the demand and supply analysis to better understand economic behaviour in some markets. The demand function represents the choices of consumers while the supply function represents the choices of producers within the market environment. The interaction of demand and supply determinesRead MoreAccounting Standard Setting4104 Words   |  17 Pagescontroversy and debate both in practice and in academic circles Standard Setting Approaches – Why Accounting is Regulated? Theories of Regulation: †¢ What was the reason for government intervention in the market for accounting information? Answer: Three major categories of theories regulation: - Public-interest (market failure theory): accounting standard setting is regulated because of the perception that the market is characterized by departures from the competitive ideal in waysRead MoreNon-Store Retailing9425 Words   |  38 PagesNonstore retailing is a form of retailing in which sales are made to consumers without using physical stores. The non-store retailers are known by medium they use to communicate with their customers, such as direct marketing, direct selling and vending machines or e-tailing. Non store retailing is patronised to time conscious consumers and consumers who cant easily go to stores, or compulsive buyers. Most non-store retailers offer consumers the convenience of buying 24 hours a day seven days a week andRead MoreSolution Manual, Test Bank and Instructor Manuals34836 Words   |  140 PagesJonathan Wickert, Kemper Lewis (SM) An Introduction to Physical Science, 13th Edition _James T. Shipman, Jerry D. Wilson, Charles A. Higgins, Jr (IM+TB+IM for Lab Manual) An Introduction to Programming With C++, 6th Edition_Diane Zak (Solution files+Answer to Review Questions+IM) An Invitation to Social Research How Its Done, 4th Edition _ Emily Stier Adler, Roger Clark (IM) An Object-Oriented Approach to Programming Logic and Design, 3rd Edition_Joyce Farrell (SM+IM) An Object-Oriented Approach

Western Expansion Essay - 4115 Words

The Westward Expansion Introduction The Westward Expansion has often been regarded as the central theme of American history, down to the end of the19th century and as the main factor in the shaping of American history. As Frederick Jackson Turner says, the greatest force or influence in shaping American democracy and society had been that there was so much free land in America and this profoundly affected American society. Motives After the revolution, the winning of independence opened up the Western country and was hence followed by a steady flow of settlers to the Mississippi valley. By 1840, 10 new western states had been added to the Federal union. The frontier line ran through Iowa, Missouri and Arkansas on the western side†¦show more content†¦When the treaty of Paris was signed in 1783, the Americans had thought that they had enough land between the Atlantic coast and the Mississippi river. Yet in 1803, by the Louisiana Purchase, the area of the United States doubled and not long after, it was augmented by the half-purchase-half-conquest of Florida. By the end of 1820, as many as 6 states were created, east of Mississippi-Indiana (1816), Mississippi (1817), Alabama (1819), Maine (1820) and Missouri (1821). By the 1830s, the frontier line had been carried to Iowa, Missouri and Arkansas-about one-third of the way across the continent. By the 1840s, the expansionist policy, typified by the Manifest Destiny doctrine, became very strong with many sections willing to go to war to acquire more land. Slavery became a bone of contention between the Northern and southern states with the control of the senate in question. The South wanted expansion to increase slave states, the North to keep the balance with free states and the West wanting expansion to increase their land. The antagonism between the North and the South sees the beginnings of sectionalism leading to the civil war later. The spirit of equality becomes a banner with which the expansionist policy was proclaimed. P hases Of Development Before the 1830s, most sections of the west passed through the same phases of development in a regular order. The first white men to usually enter a new area were theShow MoreRelatedExpansion of Western Europe1095 Words   |  5 PagesThe expansion of Western Europe started with the Iberian phase. Spain and Portugal, the two countries of the Iberian Peninsula, had a short-lived yet important role in European expansion. European expansion then turned to Western Europe. Western Europe consists of the Dutch, French, and British. While Western Europe was exploring new worlds overseas, the Russians were expanding westward across all of Eurasia. Religion played a major role in expansion for both the Portuguese and the Spanish dueRead MoreThe Expansion Of Western Europe929 Words   |  4 Pagesoptions to facilitate their expansion into Western Europe. These include exportation, licensing, or foreign direct investment in the form of a wholly owned subsidiary. Each of these options presents risks and benefits that must be evaluated before an entry-strategy is formulated. Export from the United States For an exportation strategy, this organization would manufacture their new computer domestically and ship it overseas for sale (Hill, 2014, p. 230) in Western European markets. The financialRead MoreThe Expansion Of The Western Expansion During The Nineteenth Century915 Words   |  4 Pageswith Western Expansion using bounds and leaps starting from the East Coast until the Pacific. The acquisition of Alaska and Hawaii, though not included in the historical literature, signified the expansion of Americans westward maintaining the ideology of the Manifest Destiny. The Western expansion during the nineteenth century was aided by various factors such as purchases, treaties, and wars with the Native Americans. This essay develops the chronological events associated with the Western expansionRead MoreWestern Leadership And Global Expansion769 Words   |  4 Pagesconcept of global expansion has been driven by different leadership practices from the west, as well as the one from the east . However, in this case, western leadership has played a major role in issues related to global expansion despite challenging conditions within the working environment. Undoubtedly, the world is expanding rapidly, and at the same time shrinking in some aspects that have made national borders increasingly irrelevant. In fact, global expansion has been used by western leadership toRead MoreThe Expansion Of Western European Travelers1990 Words   |  8 PagesThe undeniable expansion of Western European travelers came with a toll that has stamped history books with pages of inhumane and unfathomable treatment of people. The slave ship saw the demise of many millions of people but for a few, a re-birth. The slave trade itself saw the destruction of not only families but of the individual human; their mind, body and spirit. The art of destroying the human starts at the root of which they would be most bound to, this being their family. The slave ship andRead MoreSectionalism Due to Weste rn Expansion Essay668 Words   |  3 PagesFurthermore, new territories gained during western expansion added to this conflict between different sections of America. Southern states wanted new slave territories, while the North wanted to contain the spread of slavery. While Western expansion contributed to growing sectional tensions between the North and South from 1800-1820, sectionalism intensified significantly from 1820-1850. Since the turn of the nineteenth century, Western territorial expansion started to increase a sense of sectionalismRead MoreJohn K Polk And Western Expansion2495 Words   |  10 PagesJohn K Polk and Western Expansion Under James Knox Polk, the United States grew by more than a million square miles, adding territory that now composes the states of Arizona, Utah, Nevada, California, Oregon, Idaho, Washington, much of New Mexico, and portions of Wyoming, Montana, and Colorado. Much of the United States is owed to the expansion planned by Former President John K Polk. His actions would lead to the annexation of Texas and purchase of California and New Mexico from Mexico. In theRead MoreThe Process of the Western Expansion into South East Asia686 Words   |  3 PagesThe process of the Western Expansion into South East Asia occurred in two phases. These two phases can be characterized by their unique features, which differentiated them from one another. Historical records have shown that, the expansion was facilitated by the major Western Imperial powers, as known as: The United States of America, Holland, Britain, and France. In addition, historical doctrine have shown that, there were certain econ omic and social factors that facilitated the occurrence of theRead MoreThe Impact Of Western Expansion On The East Coast Of The United States1489 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States, many wanted to gain more out of the land in order to create wealth. The main location of population in Michigan was in certain places for certain reasons. Their lives were not the greatest, but they worked hard for what they had. Western expansion into Michigan was for many important reasons, and became very important in the future of the United States. The Northwest Ordinance was established in 1787 (Lecture, February 2). The ordinance allowed for the creation of the Northwest territoryRead MoreWestern Enlargement : A Case Made For Further Expansion Of The Eu?2065 Words   |  9 PagesHard Road to the Eastern Enlargement: A case made for further expansion of the EU? Challenging the challenges: The Eastern Enlargement was, and remains, a point of dispute when arguing the costs and benefits. It provided numerous opportunities for the EU, but with them came challenges, some of which could be argued were too much and too soon for the EU. This chapter will engage the major costs and benefits in the way they were presented by dominant theories of EU enlargement and integration. Furthermore

Mythical Accounts By Ancient Egypt Essay - 1724 Words

Mythical accounts by the ancient Egyptians employed narratives to express its’ social conventions and the religion’s contextual foundations and influence in society. The myths describe not only the societal hierarchy, but also enactments of rituals and a chronicled view of life in ancient Egypt gripped by religious values. Mythology employs the believer’s creative imagination, where according to Ions: â€Å"Egyptian myths†¦cannot be considered as fixed stories†¦their function in the Egyptian religion was to provide a notation of symbols with which to express ideas; if the ideas changed, then the myth also had to change.† Despite these myths appearing to be fantastical, under today’s standards, these mythical narratives and the characterization of these gods â€Å"shape the most fundamental or ultimate values† of ancient Egyptians by providing the individual with â€Å"rules laying down what ought to be done or what ought not to b e done.† The myths involve the divine gods of ancient Egypt, illustrating their origins and association with mankind. In a sense ancient Egyptians are, as Byron E. Shaffer says, trying to: â€Å"attain both a comprehension of their beliefs and practices and an appreciation of them.† It was a means to incorporate the traditional values and religion with their everyday life, where through religion, individuals in ancient Egypt are connected to the divine world of â€Å"superhuman beings [that] are conceptualized by humans, and [humans] have a place in the shared cognitiveShow MoreRelated The Myth of Exodus Essay1180 Words   |  5 Pagesof the creation of a monotheistic religion and the similarities of the Exodus myth to the ancient myths, as well as how one should approach the reading of the myth. First of all, we need to understand what a myth is. William Bascom says in his essay, â€Å"The Forms of Folklore: Prose Narratives†, â€Å"Myths are prose narratives which, in the society in which they are told, are considered to be truthful accounts of what happened in the remote past† (Dundes 9). Trying to prove the elements in the myth asRead MoreThe Legend Of Atlantis By Plato1681 Words   |  7 PagesAtlantis The legend of Atlantis was first introduced to the world at approximately 360 BC, by the ancient Greek philosopher Plato in his dialogues Timaeus and Critias who hear of the legend from Greek lawmaker Solon who was told of the tale by Egyptian priests during his visit to Egypt. In his dialogues, Plato describes an affluent and powerful nation which arose directly from the Greek God of the Sea, Poseidon. However, their opulence ceased as they became too greedy, wicked and impious which ledRead MoreEssay on The New Identity of Exodus as a Myth1950 Words   |  8 Pagestradition of generations. Many American children discover the legend of the tooth fairy at an early age. Furthermore, this mythical tale explains the meaning behind children losing their baby teeth. It marks a rite of passage between infancy and early childhood. In the strictest sense of the definition of a myth, however, the tooth fairy does not qualify as a mythical story. It does not have all of the essential tr aits. So what precisely is a myth? The Greek word for myth is â€Å"mythos†, meaningRead More12 Literary Piece1670 Words   |  7 Pagesnational theory. 9. The Song of Roland: This includes the Doce Pares and Ronces Valles of France. It tells about the Golden Age of Christianity in France. 10. The Book of the Dead: This includes the cult of Osiris and the Mythology and theology of Egypt. 11. The Book of the Days: This was written by Confucius of China. This became the basis of Christian Religion. 12. One thousand and One Night of the Arabian Nights: from Arabia and Persia(Iran). It shows the ways of government of industriesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie 300 The Battle Of Thermopylae 1560 Words   |  7 Pagesand history by using the classical past to explore social norms, accurately depict the way of life, events that occurred such as the battle of Thermopylae and the nature of people during 500 BCE. 300 is a Hollywood film that focuses primarily on ancient Greece and the battle of Thermopylae as reminisced from history and partly from Frank Miller’s novel, 300. The battle of Thermopylae was a war in which the alliance of Greek city-states such as Athens and Greece went to war against the Persian KingRead MoreComparision of Genesis with Other Creation Mythologies Essay1012 Words   |  5 Pageswillingness of knowing the self, ancient people tried to create mythological stories about the creation. One of the most famous accounts of creation is presented by the Hebrews in the Book of Genesis. Besides Genesis, almost every culture has its own creation account. Some are remarkably similar and some are contrary, but all are attempts to answer the above questions. Narrations of creation presented a variety of scenes before the beginning. Most accounts emphasis the nothingness, darknessRead MoreThe Magic and Science of Ancient Egyptian Medicine2606 Words   |  11 PagesTHE SCIENCE AND MYSTERY OF ANCIENT EGYPTIAN MEDICINE TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. Introduction 1 2. The Edwin Smith Papyrus 2 2.1 Authorship 3 3. The Ebers papyrus 3 4. Human anatomy and physiology 4 4.1 Head, heart and thoracic cavity 4 4.2 Limbs and Injuries 5 4.3 Disease, Illness and their remedies and cures 6 5. Medicine and Dispensing 7 6. ConclusionRead MoreTraits and Values Associated with Femininity in Antigone1880 Words   |  8 PagesANTIGONE The conventionally accepted roles of both males and females in ancient Grecian society were well defined and manifested. Women were considered the weaker of the sexes and, thus, were expected to remain in the home and perform their domestic duties, while the men were to be rulers and bread-winners. The woman’s voice was not heard on any issues affecting the society as her opinions were thought unworthy of consideration. She was required merely to reproduce, to execute her domestic dutiesRead MoreAncient Olympic Games - Essay2195 Words   |  9 PagesHistory and Origin of the Ancient Olympic Games Stephanie Butcher History 301 History of Ancient Greece 05/26/2012 Introduction The ancient Olympic games represent a part of Ancient Greek history that the world continues to celebrate today. Every four years world nations gather at a specific site to compete in the Olympic games. This coming together of world nations symbolizes a time of peace and unity among the world. With every victory came honor, glory and pride for the winningRead MoreLife of Prophet Jeremiah3247 Words   |  13 Pageshis people, particularly the prophecies of Hosea, whose influence can be seen in his early messages. The era in which Jeremiah lived was one of transition for the ancient Near East. The Assyrian empire, which had been dominant for two centuries, declined and fell. Its capital, Nineveh, was captured in 612 by the Babylonians and Medes. Egypt had a brief period of resurgence under the 26th dynasty (664–525) but did not prove strong enough to establish an empire. The new world power was the Neo-Babylonian

Debate Advertising Towards Children Can Only Be Seen as Harmless Free Essays

Introduce team members- Aidan Laura Marketing Debate Notes: On average, children in the U. S will watch 25 000 – 40 000 television ads per year. $15 – $17 billion is spent on these ads ? marketers see children as the future and aim to create brand loyalty from a young age. We will write a custom essay sample on Debate Advertising Towards Children Can Only Be Seen as Harmless or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore positive advertising at children will help shape the future ? developing healthy/positive lifestyles in children from a young age van only benefit society in the long run. Children’s diets result from the interplay of many factors. Multiple factors account for childhood obesity, including individual, social, environmental and cultural factors. Parents Money There are many children who appear not to be adversely affected by marketing targeted at them ? their parents’ instilled good values in them. Positive Effects of Advertising Children are the future and therefore allowing them to be subjected to more adult concepts that are displayed to them in marketing such as decision-making and critical thought can only prepare them better for the future. Marketing to children (and as a whole) works because it lives off of deeply held beliefs about self-expression freedom of choice ? ideologies that children can only benefit from being exposed to. Marketers use overly creative tools to engage the young audience – this creativity can used in the future to be successful. Communication in itself can be a force for real good ? this good is often overshadowed by the bad effects marketing has on, however if it has the power to do this then the positive advertising must have the potential to be as effective. Marketing helps develop children’s media literacy and critical decision making, which are necessary in adulthood. Through marketing, children learn to analyse what they are presented with and become more street wise. Positive Advertising Examples Nickelodeon: encourages physical activity, community sport participation, consumption of fresh fruit and veg Harry Potter Books marketing: nowadays massive budgets are given to book releases as well as movies – Harry Potter and Twilight books were promoted heavily and the igh sales of these books shows how successful the marketing was. Aus Kick and other community sports advertisements: advertising and sports sponsorship encourage children to participate in some form of physical exercise. Breakfast Cereals: all children’s breakfast cereals either promote healthy learning (sultana bran- fight the fuzzies) or physical activity (nutrigrain- ironman, weetbix- aus cricket team). These cereals are often sponsored by a sports team or organisation and therefore the cereals brand can be seen when watching these sports along with the primary advertising. This encourages children to value physical exercise and value their education. In 1998 3,000 children and teenagers under the age of 18 years in the United States begun smoking. Non-profit organizations and government agencies used social marketing and advertising to prevent children and youth from starting smoking. Now in 2010 the number has dropped remarkably due to advertising, which as changed the social norm. Children and young people are an interested and active consumer audience that should be acknowledged, valued and respected. Figure 2 ‘What I eat every day’ was a clear concern, with 83% considering this important. Similar studies during the late 1990s carried out by HPI for Procter and Gamble and Sunny Delight showed children far less concerned about their daily diet than they are nowadays (advertising is benefiting children). Daily diet was important across the age spectrum, with children as young as six to nine saying what they eat was important. What they eat every day was important to 81% of 14-16 year olds. Figure 6 Children understand the context and consequences of healthy eating. They were asked how they thought eating healthily could beneifit them and while fuel and growth was naturally highest scoring, they also recognized that healthy eating gives energy and promotes general well-being. They themselves talk a lot about balance; they know eating healthy eating promotes well-being as well as helping you grow. They acknowledge the need for a variety of different foods (dairy for bones, vitamins in fruit and veg) although most are unsure why. Burt. M. , 2009, Marketing to Children – An Ethical Predicament, Ethical Corporation. http://www. ethicalcorp. com/content. asp? ContentID=425 (accessed 3rd March 2010) Benady. D. , 2008, The Positive Power of Pestering, Marketing Week. Shah. A. , 2008, Children as Consumers, Global Issues, http://www. globalissues. org/article/237/children-as-consumers (accessed 10th March 2010) How to cite Debate Advertising Towards Children Can Only Be Seen as Harmless, Papers

Debate Advertising Towards Children Can Only Be Seen as Harmless Free Essays

Introduce team members- Aidan Laura Marketing Debate Notes: On average, children in the U. S will watch 25 000 – 40 000 television ads per year. $15 – $17 billion is spent on these ads ? marketers see children as the future and aim to create brand loyalty from a young age. We will write a custom essay sample on Debate Advertising Towards Children Can Only Be Seen as Harmless or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore positive advertising at children will help shape the future ? developing healthy/positive lifestyles in children from a young age van only benefit society in the long run. Children’s diets result from the interplay of many factors. Multiple factors account for childhood obesity, including individual, social, environmental and cultural factors. Parents Money There are many children who appear not to be adversely affected by marketing targeted at them ? their parents’ instilled good values in them. Positive Effects of Advertising Children are the future and therefore allowing them to be subjected to more adult concepts that are displayed to them in marketing such as decision-making and critical thought can only prepare them better for the future. Marketing to children (and as a whole) works because it lives off of deeply held beliefs about self-expression freedom of choice ? ideologies that children can only benefit from being exposed to. Marketers use overly creative tools to engage the young audience – this creativity can used in the future to be successful. Communication in itself can be a force for real good ? this good is often overshadowed by the bad effects marketing has on, however if it has the power to do this then the positive advertising must have the potential to be as effective. Marketing helps develop children’s media literacy and critical decision making, which are necessary in adulthood. Through marketing, children learn to analyse what they are presented with and become more street wise. Positive Advertising Examples Nickelodeon: encourages physical activity, community sport participation, consumption of fresh fruit and veg Harry Potter Books marketing: nowadays massive budgets are given to book releases as well as movies – Harry Potter and Twilight books were promoted heavily and the igh sales of these books shows how successful the marketing was. Aus Kick and other community sports advertisements: advertising and sports sponsorship encourage children to participate in some form of physical exercise. Breakfast Cereals: all children’s breakfast cereals either promote healthy learning (sultana bran- fight the fuzzies) or physical activity (nutrigrain- ironman, weetbix- aus cricket team). These cereals are often sponsored by a sports team or organisation and therefore the cereals brand can be seen when watching these sports along with the primary advertising. This encourages children to value physical exercise and value their education. In 1998 3,000 children and teenagers under the age of 18 years in the United States begun smoking. Non-profit organizations and government agencies used social marketing and advertising to prevent children and youth from starting smoking. Now in 2010 the number has dropped remarkably due to advertising, which as changed the social norm. Children and young people are an interested and active consumer audience that should be acknowledged, valued and respected. Figure 2 ‘What I eat every day’ was a clear concern, with 83% considering this important. Similar studies during the late 1990s carried out by HPI for Procter and Gamble and Sunny Delight showed children far less concerned about their daily diet than they are nowadays (advertising is benefiting children). Daily diet was important across the age spectrum, with children as young as six to nine saying what they eat was important. What they eat every day was important to 81% of 14-16 year olds. Figure 6 Children understand the context and consequences of healthy eating. They were asked how they thought eating healthily could beneifit them and while fuel and growth was naturally highest scoring, they also recognized that healthy eating gives energy and promotes general well-being. They themselves talk a lot about balance; they know eating healthy eating promotes well-being as well as helping you grow. They acknowledge the need for a variety of different foods (dairy for bones, vitamins in fruit and veg) although most are unsure why. Burt. M. , 2009, Marketing to Children – An Ethical Predicament, Ethical Corporation. http://www. ethicalcorp. com/content. asp? ContentID=425 (accessed 3rd March 2010) Benady. D. , 2008, The Positive Power of Pestering, Marketing Week. Shah. A. , 2008, Children as Consumers, Global Issues, http://www. globalissues. org/article/237/children-as-consumers (accessed 10th March 2010) How to cite Debate Advertising Towards Children Can Only Be Seen as Harmless, Papers

Ethics and Sustainability in Construction Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.c

Question: Discuss about the Ethics and Sustainability in Construction. Answer: Introduction: A business corporation is associated with different sectors of the human society at the same time, and the decision and actions associated with the particular organization can have the potential to harm the interest of the various stakeholders associated with the business operation. However, critical judgement and decision making is an inevitable part of the business process. Business ethics is considered to be that allows moral judgment of the individual that allows him to distinguish between the right and the wrong (Akrivou and Bradbury-Huang 2015). In case of a business corporation the organizational decisions are generally made with the singular motive of profit in mind which tends to overlook the aftermath on the welfare of all the stakeholders associated and the society at large. However, ethical and sustainable decisions taken on the behalf of the organization can benefit the organization in developing an influential corporate social responsibility that will facilitate long te rm and stable success for the organization (Murray and Dainty 2013). As many business process enthusiasts have opined, an imaginative and innovative corporate social responsibility is considered to be in the best interest of all the stakeholders associated with the organization. However it can seriously interfere with the shortest and fastest path to success for the organization as well. It has to be understood that maintaining a strong ethical and sustainable business practice will require for the organization to take actions that will not always be optimally beneficial. Hence it is matter of choice for the company to indulge in sustainable practice and take the responsibility towards the betterment of the society prior to the quickest route for success for the organization (Todorovi? 2012). This assignment will focus on a corporate organization that has taken the ethical and sustainable route to success by choice and setting up a glorious example for its peers and competitors. Overview of the Organization: Headquartered in Sydney, and founded in the year of 1958, by Dick Dusseldorp, Lendlease has emerged to be one of the most recognized property and infrastructure solution providing companies in Australia (Harley 2015). Although initially the company had a humble beginning initially, it has attained much recognition and enjoys a huge share of profitability as it currently operates in more than 40 countries. A considerable share of the profit of the company is being derived from its market in New York, Singapore and London. With more than 58 years of experience, the company has been managing a variety of building projects both within and outside Australia. The company also actively engages in multiple other projects, such as apartment development business and investmentmanagement of unlisted property funds. However, although the company is a primarily profit-driven, it considers sustainability to be central to its business strategy. In fact, it is worth mentioning in this context, that beside being a major revenue earning company, Lendlease has also emerged to be the first property company of Australia that has been included in the Daw Jones Sustainability Index in the year of 2011, for its active engagement in sustainability initiatives. Despite the financial constraint, or any other setback, encountered by the company in the process, the organization has always remained true to its commitment of providing landmark homes, that do have a very limited environmental footprint. This is primarily the reason why the company has been declared to be the Most Sustainable Company of the Decade in the year of 2010 (Blesing and Pelekani 2015). Overview of the Case Study: The following report is based on the case study that highlights the variety of sustainability initiatives as undertaken by the property solution company, Lendlease. Known more as a global construction company, Lendlease is nevertheless a company that is also a pioneer in sustainability. The case study clearly shows how much of the popularity of the company rests on its active engagement in a variety of human and environmental sustainability initiatives. It is interesting to note the fact that since the year of 2003, Lendlease has been successful in achieving 10.5 million sq m certifications in as many as nine countries across the globe (Apostolou 2015). It is equally a well-known fact that the company has achieved as many as 69 awards for its active involvement in a variety of sustainability initiatives. The company has been primarly employing the use of different renewable sources of electricity and further in order to ensure energy efficient methods, Lendlease has also set up the C arbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) that helps it to monitor and calculate its emission rate. In this connection, it is also interesting to note that the company also provides environmental awareness training to its staffs so as to help them conduct business in a more responsible way. The ESG factors (Environmental, Social and Governance) factors play a highly important role here, and the company has always been employing the use of green star rating tools and labels in order to benchmark as well as disclose the ESG performance of each of its assets and portfolios. While talking of sustainability, people usually refer to environmental initiatives undertaken by a company. However, it should be noted that Lendlease also maintains sustainability while hiring employees (Xia et al. 2015). Consequently, it does ensure workplace diversity by hiring employees belonging to different age, sex, class, ethnicity or abilities. In fact, the company has also set up its People and Culture Committee th at looks after the well-being and satisfaction of the employees coming from various ethnic backgrounds. Background of the Study: In order to ensure the unprecedented success as well as incredible business growth in future, any business organization tries to expand the areas of its operation and adopt multiple profit-oriented approaches. However, it is a less acknowledged fact that in order to ensure long-term sustainability in future, a company must decide to conduct its business in a responsible and sustainable way. An organization that contaminates and pollutes the environment, or does not attach sufficient importance to the needs and concerns of its stakeholders, will fail to sustain itself in future. Herein lays the importance of ethics and sustainability in business. An organization that is not merely driven by its desire to achieve profit, but rather conducts business in an ethical way, never loses out on its consumers, enjoys higher customer satisfaction rates as well as higher employee retention rates as well. Research has shown that companies that conduct business in a sustainable way, and ensures the well-being of the environment and welfare of the community it conducts business in, enjoys greater consumer recognition. It helps in developing the brand recognition and public image of the company, that in turn accounts for higher rate of profitability. Similarly, as an organization remains involved in multiple environmental campaigns and social welfare programs, its employees also feel motivated to work for the company (Pedersen 2015). Lastly, it is needles to state that the sustainability initiatives of the company help it achieve consumer loyalty as well. Keeping all these important factors in consideration, companies like Lendlease engage in Corporate Social Responsibility acts primarily because it wishes to achieve greater brand recognition, and wants its consumers to rely on it for further service in future. Thus, its sustainability strategy forms an integral part of its competitive strategy. Comparison and competition: Lendlease Corporation, based in Sydney Australia, has established a name for itself in the real estate market with its one of a kind technology and innovations keeping environmental sustainability at the heart of their business code of conduct. They started their journey back in 1973, with the vision to turn this society into an ethical and sustainable society for the future generation to live in and have the opportunity to enjoy the resources that we so mindlessly are destroying. The company has divulged time and effort in creating a smart and inclusive technology that can provide the residents with the state of the art facilities along with keeping the entire operation environment friendly and extremely sustainable (Lendlease.com. 2017). Along with that, in collaboration with Fujitsu group, they have now incorporated an automated telecommunication network based on a cloud backbone that will allow the entire residential buildings to have a easy to understand and upgradable home display system utilizing real time, historical and trend based energy system that will deliver residential resource usage data to all the residents and the developer at the same time (Beckmann, Hielscher and Pies 2014). This cloud based technology will allow the developers and the residents to keep a diligent track of the use or rather abuse of natural resources like water and electricity, to ensure that usage does not lead to exploitation. Along with that company has been upgrading and improvising their construction processes to utilize minimum material resources to ensure minimal exploitation hazards. They have an ongoing materiality assessment analysis done every other year to ensure that there are no overexploitations as an aftermath of the ir construction business. The company and its stakeholders pride upon the usage of green energy and renewable resources and with their superbly innovative and yet sustainable designs have attained them the honour of green star rated buildings. They have initiated the trend and now the entire globe is following their footsteps, or in the least attempting to do so, and with such a paradigm shift in the world of real estate, there will definitely be criticism and cut throat competition (Schaltegger, Ldeke-Freund and Hansen 2012). It has to be understood that with change, there is always a steady flow of resistance. However the Australia based construction giant has successfully dodged the blows of resistance to its path easily (Lendlease.com. 2017). However the challenge of market or customer resistance is not as influential as the challenge of competition. Although this particular company, has attempted to stay afloat in the dynamic economy by the means of ethical practice and sustainable innovations. One of the biggest competitors of LendLease Corporation is none other than the CBRE group of enterprise that has had the opportunity to earn a global recognition in tho world of real estate business. They are also the corporate organization that have had the upper hand in the real estate business with developing 6 star green buildings, that have the state of the art technology along with having the most environment friendly and sustainable design (Werbach 2013). The most vital environmental concern for the real estate business or construction in general, is the carbon emission impact on the atmosphere as an aftermath. CBRE group very alike to our chosen enterprise LendLease have incorporated technology and materials to reduce the level of carbon emission to a negligible amount as compared to the rest of the market (Ferrell and Fraedrich 2015). They have collaborated with eminent names in the sustainability and green construction in the form of real green research challenge that is undoubtedly a revolutionary step in encouraging the small scale real estate companies to take up the sustainable route. Now alike the LendLease company they have also incorporated carbon calculator, a one of a kind device that very easily calculate the carbon footprint and allows the builders to keep the carbon footprint level to th4 minimum. However, their buildings lack the revolutionary Fujitso cloud technology to measure and limit the usage of different resourc es in the residents (Lendlease.com. 2017). However, CBRE definitely indulges time and effort to ensure that the employees are aware and responsible of their contribution to the environment, by the means of green week. In this particular week the employees are motivated and encouraged to indulge environment friendly behaviour, giving back to the environment a sliver of what is taken on a daily basis. Both the companies however have a magnanimous workforce belonging to different cultural backgrounds, ensuring environmental sustainability but also socio-cultural sustainability as well (CBRE. 2017). Another substantial competition to the LendLease in the aspects of ethics and sustainability is the Abacus Property Group based in Australia. This organization however is attempting catch up- in the league of sustainable construction by the means of efficient property and resource management. They have incorporated technologies to optimise the domestic usage of water and other resources as much as possible, which is surely commendable but not as innovative as the Fujitso cloud technology utilized in the LendLease apartment complexes. Their approach towards sustainability is identifying and implementing cost effective and cost efficient ways of utilizing both renewable and non renewable resources to ensure optimal environmental sustainability however they still lack innovative measures to decline their carbon footprint alike LendLease or CBRE are doing so effortlessly (Abacus Property Group. 2017). Therefore, the comparison between LendLease and its significant competitors in the market clearly indicates at the somewhat global trend towards the ethical and environmentally sustainable practice in construction business. Therefore the most of the real estate giants are investing effort and monetary resources to attain recognition as a sustainable organization in the real estate market to catch the eye of the upstream and aware customer base. However, the question remains how connected the measures of the construction companies like LendLease are with the ethical code of conduct in real estate business (Lendlease.com. 2017). Code of conduct of relevant industry (Engineering) The engineering code of ethics worldwide focuses to continuously put public interest above all others. The aim of conducting ethical activities is to abide by the market philosophies and pursue self interest on the ethical and sustainability approach towards the industry they work for. As stated by Ciegis et al. (2015), it is the philosophy of engineering that sustainability shall be at the heart of the development and emphasis need to be made on the economic valuation in order to achieve environmental protection. As argued by Lozano and Lozano (2014), sustainability approach is an ethical principle behind the sustainable development that aims at meeting the demand of the environment. The engineering Australia recognizes certain code of conduct that determines the ethical values towards enduring the standard and requirement of the engineering practice. Meeting the community standard and aspiration of the engineering practice changes from time to time depending on the demand of the co mmunity, but it is important to carry out the activities in the most ethical and sustainable manner. The members of the engineering community are both the employees and the employers. These members should be responsible enough to ensure that whatever activity is undertaken by them should have the basic ethical approach. Any person not abiding by these situations should consider the loss that they might ensue in the process of professionalism. This is the reason that a professional code of conduct has been designed in order to keep all the professionals aware of the things that they have to follow in their business activities. The professional code of conduct of engineering industry or the professional engineers can be stated below: Demonstrating integrity: The engineering industries and the engineers should have the conscience to think what is right and what is wrong and that they should act impartially considering professional manner. The engineers need to be honest and trustworthy and they must carry the dignity to respect others. One of the important ethical approaches that the engineers need to undertake is to give fair chances to the practicing engineers (Harris et al. 2013). It is expected that the professionals need to be ensured that employees should be treated with full dignity without any kind of discrimination and harassment. The practitioners are needed to practice business activities considering the legal and contractual business obligations (Theiet.org 2015). If required, they can involve in honest and fair criticism but should never be responsible for any kind of discriminative activities. It has been found in the sustainability report of Lend Lease that they practice ethical leadership in their organizations and support the rights of the employees. As argued by Burgess et al. (2013), that if the organization fails to do so, it shall become really challenging for them to meet the market and environmental demand. Practicing competencies: The professionals need to focus on continuous learning experience as well that would gain them the actual knowledge and expertise on the ongoing development that they shall be able to act accordingly depending on the situation (Engineersaustralia.org.au 2015). If needed, it is also advisable to take help from other peers because there should be continuous support for the ongoing development. An important point of consideration is that the professionals should act on the basis of adequate knowledge and follow the legal standards that are commonly accepted (Appleyard et al. 2014). In terms of competencies, it has to be mentioned that Land Lease is one of the dominant engineering organizations operating in Australia but there are other organizations as well. Lend Lease has never failed in terms of competency level. The Company has always undertaken fair practice in terms of doing their business. Exercise better leadership style: A leader is the one who is responsible for upholding the reputation and the trustworthiness of the practice of engineering. The leader shall be responsible for any kind of public debate and deliberation to support and encourage diversity. In the globalized world, the impact of diversity and cross culture cannot be denied. The leader should have the capability of dealing with such diverse culture of people (Engineersaustralia.org.au 2015). A leader is also the one who is responsible for communication as well. Therefore, any kind of issues engineering related issues like engineering service, costs or outcome of the risks need to be handled in the right way by the leaders for better approach towards the engineering activities. The leaders of Lend Lease practice the best leadership style. They give right opportunities to the employees to present their views. Everyones decision is respected and there are no cases of gender discrimination or inequality has been evident to be practiced in the organization. Promote sustainability: The engineers or engineering practitioners should be equally responsible for carrying out the sustainability approach towards the work that they do. It is important to be responsibly engaged with the sustainable community and other stakeholders to promote better sustainability and ethical behavior (Engineersaustralia.org.au 2015). For this, the stakeholders need to be engaged in continuous sustainable approach. Engineering practice should also focus on promoting health and safety and the well being of the people who are involved in the overall engineering activities. There should be a balance in the present and the future sustainable approach in order to create a better future and environment for the people (Lozano and Lozano 2014). Lend Lease is very focused towards the sustainability approach in terms of building houses. The materials that are used for the manufacturing process are also undertaken considering the sustainability approach under consideration. Thus, it can be said that the code of conduct is rightly followed by the organization. The members are very professionals and the Company uses the right codes of conduct to carry on their business activities (Engineersaustralia.org.au 2015). To ensure that a competitive and professional standard is maintained, it is always likely that the organization is at the right track in terms of achieving its sustainability or ethical consideration as a part of their business activities. Findings: The importance of ethics and sustainable practice is paramount in every sector of the professional realm. The ethical approach to a profession eliminates the chances of bias and injustice and facilitates unbiased and justified practice and process at large. It has to be understood that a business runs on the balance of cooperation and blended effort from the end of all the internal and external stakeholders associated with that particular business process (Lendlease.com. 2017). Any bias or lapse of judgment can destroy the delicate balance which will eventually tarnish the reputation of the organization and interfere with the growth and success of the same. Now along with corporate ethics that enforces neutrality and fairness in the professional context, compliance with the environmental and socio-economic sustainability is a vital element of any corporate entity. It has to be understood that without making conscious effort towards restoring the deteriorating environmental balance we are only propagating towards the impending doom, and complying with a sustainable practice along with an ethical one will benefit not only the present but also the future (Ferrell and Fraedrich 2015). Through out the content of this assignment, the role of ethical and sustainable practice in the real estate business has been discussed in detail. On a more elaborative note, the construction business has a magnanimous responsibility towards both the society and the environment. The amount of carbon emission in the construction business is the major cause of atmospheric pollution and the massive amount of resources used in construction business is a major threat to environmental sustainability. The case study chosen for this assignment focuses on a real estate organization that has the vision of creating a hi-tech yet sustainable human society and the mission of restoring the environmental balance and giving back to nature a fraction of what we take every minute of the day (MacVaugh and Norton 2012). This organization has taken the pledge of reviving the environment and its former glory and is doing its part by incorporating technology that can reduce the carbon footprint half of its counterparts in the market without compromising on the luxury that they promise to the customers. In order to achieve this somewhat difficult goal they have joined hands with global representatives of groundbreaking technology like Fujitso group incorporating their cloud based automation system to track and manage the level of domestic usage of the resources even after the construction is complete (Lendlease.com. 2017). The code of conduct of engineering and construction business speaks of sustainable socially justifiable practice, which in very simplified terms emphasizes on leaving behind what we are enjoying for the future generations to come. With incorporating the cloud technology they are introducing an amazing opportunity to leave behind resources for the future generation to enjoy. With this revolutionary effort coupled with carbon calculator device they are introducing a practice that is sustainable in not just during the construction procedure but also thoughtful for the future of the buildings they make and the impact they are going to have on the environment for years to come (Lendlease.com. 2017). When discussing code of conduct, the importance of fairness and justice among the employees cannot be overlooked. Without a bias and discrimination free workplace environment how can a global organization work towards the greater good for the society and the environment? As mentioned above LendLease has achieved this pursuit as well by incorporating workforce from diverse cultural backgrounds and exercising fairness and impartial justice in the workplace. However, it must be mentioned that the global competitor of this organization has achieved to engage their employees to periodic activities that will encourage and stimulated their environmental and socio-economic responsibility (Crane and Matten 2016). Hence the organization under consideration in our study has not been able to engage in a activity so ethically appreciable which undoubtedly is a future goal that they need to set. The corporation in the zeal for achieving the goals of a society that is basked in the luxury of techno logy but still is humble towards the environment has foregone the aspect of cost effectiveness, which has been deftly achieved by the other competitor of LendLease, the Abacus group. Hence there still are challenges in the path for the organization to overcome with a set of strategically curated recommendations (Carroll and Buchholtz 2014). Recommendations: Lendlease has always been an organization that has been known for its commitment to the well-being of the environment, society and economy. Although the company has introduced many initiatives, it should set up important initiatives such as water conservation projects, which are highly relevant in todays world. In fact, according to a research, by the year of 2025, 1.8 billion people will be living in countries or regions with absolute water scarcity, and two-thirds of the world's population could be living under water stressed conditions (Crane and Matten 2016). Hence, it is recommended that the company can direct its effort in installing different water recycling and water reusing projects, that can also create water saving awareness amongst the people. Again, another important recommendation that can be suggested here is that being an Australian company, Lendlease can build shelter homes for aged and Aboriginal people of Australia. It is a well-known fact that a huge proportion of people staying in Australia belong to the elderly section ho are unable to support themselves financially. In collaboration with some of the reputed NGOs of Australia, Lendlease can easily support the well-being of these less privileged people by building aged care homes for them. While it would not have to fund the entire project on its own, it can easily achieve the brand recognition for having served the deprived class of people. Conclusion: On a concluding note it can be said that the human society has started to take the responsibility towards the society and the environment seriously. The increasing number of construction companies opting for the sustainable route to construction and real estate business bears the conspicuous proof of it. The impact of sustainable construction practices are being appreciated by the government and the rest of the society as well. On a more elaborative note more and more sustainable policies are being introduced in the nations to ensure tat we are not taking undue advantage of the nature and its resources and are making conscious efforts to restore the natural balance. It can be concluded from this assignment that LendLease along with its prime competitors belong to the list of real estate giants that are complying with the government policies of ethics and sustainability. At the ending note the efforts by the companies like LendLease must be appreciated, they are introducing the society to the alternatives o luxury living without destroying the nature in the process. They are the pioneers that are setting the trend for utilizing the technology to serve both purposes of providing luxury for the society and safeguarding the delicate balance of nature. a pursuit so ethically glorified needs recognition from all aspects. Although the obscene expense associated with these constructions should not be neglected as well. the company chosen for the study has undoubtedly achieved the goal of constructing buildings that are sustainable and yet one of a kind in technology and mindful of the future implications but they are made in a cost effective manner nor are pocket friendly. The entire society has a right to experience the brilliance that these companies are constructing and they need to take efforts to make their otherworldly innovations cost effective as we ll. References: Abacus Property Group. (2017).Abacus Property Group. [online] Available at: https://www.abacusproperty.com.au [Accessed 28 May 2017]. Akrivou, K. and Bradbury-Huang, H., 2015. Educating integrated catalysts: Transforming business schools toward ethics and sustainability.Academy ofManagement Learning Education,14(2), pp.222-240. Akrivou, K. and Bradbury-Huang, H., 2015. Educating integrated catalysts: Transforming business schools toward ethics and sustainability.Academy ofManagement Learning Education,14(2), pp.222-240. Apostolou, N., 2015. Harbouring a sustainable view.Property Australia,29(1), p.18. Appleyard, B., Ferrell, C., Carroll, M. and Taecker, M., 2014. Toward Livability Ethics: A Framework to Guide Planning, Design, and Engineering Decisions.Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2403), pp.62-71. Beckmann, M., Hielscher, S. and Pies, I., 2014. Commitment Strategies for Sustainability: How Business Firms Can Transform Trade?Offs Into WinWin Outcomes.Business Strategy and the Environment,23(1), pp.18-37. Biedenweg, K., Monroe, M.C. and Oxarart, A., 2013. The importance of teaching ethics of sustainability.International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education,14(1), pp.6-14. Blesing, J.E. and Pelekani, C., 2015. 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Breach of Covenant That Was Present †Free Samples for Students

Question: You have been asked to advise Computers Pty Ltd as to whether any legal action can be commenced against Systems Pty Ltd to prevent them from soliciting its customers? Answer: Introducation In the present case, the facts given in this question revealed the presence of the issue if Computers Pty Ltd can successfully sue Systems Pty Ltd for the breach of covenant that was present in the employment contract of Chu with Computers Pty Ltd. This issue has arisen as a result of the fact that after his retirement, a company, Systems Pty Ltd was incorporated by Chu's wife. This company has been taking on Business Law from the clients of Computers Pty Ltd. in NSW while restrictive covenant present in the employment contract of Chu provides that he cannot join any business that competes with the company for 2 years in NSW. Therefore, it needs to be seen in this case if Computers Pty Ltd can take action against Systems Pty Ltd for the breach of this covenant. 1.It appears that in the present case, as soon as Chu took retirement from the company, he had decided to start a business that was going to compete with Computers Pty Ltd. However, in order to fulfill this objective, a company under the name of Systems Pty Ltd had been formed by Chu's wife. She is the sole director of the company and also holds all the issues the capital in the company. This company is taking the business of Computers in New South Wales. The legal principle was provided in Salomon v Salomon according to which it was affirmed that after it's incorporated, generally companies considered as a separate legal entity that is distinct from its shareholders. In this way, the principle of separate legal identity of the corporation has been followed in Anglo Australian companies law for more than 100 years. Therefore, when a company acts, it acts on its own and not simply as alias for the persons controlling the company (Clarke and Clarke, 2016). In the same way, the shareholders of the corporations cannot be held labor regarding the debts of the corporation beyond the initial capital investment. Similarly, they do not have any proprietary interest in the assets of the company. In Jones v Lipman (1962), the defendant had entered into a contract for selling his land. However, later on he changed his mind. Therefore, the defendant found the company and he was the owner/director of this company. The land was transferred to this corporation and the defendant declined to perform the transaction. As a result, the relief was sought by the plaintiff. In this case, the court stated that the remedy of specific performance can be granted against the contracting vendor, because it was in his authority to force the other person to convey the property in question. Therefore, specific performance was ordered against the director and the company. The court held that the company cannot escape or divest itself from the knowledge that has been gained by it through the director. The court stated that the company was a creature of the controlling director or a device or a mask that the director holds before his face for the purpose of avoiding recognition by equity. However, there are certain circumstances where the court may arrive at the conclusion that the corporate veil needs to be pierced in a particular case. Therefore, while basic principle provides that under the corporations law, a company is treated by the law as having its own separate legal identity. And as a result, it is considered to be distinct from its members. But as time passed by, the courts have come up with several exceptions to the application of this general rule. As a result, now under some circumstances, it is available to the court to set aside the fact that the company enjoys a separate personality and concludes that the members of the company can be held responsible for its actions. When such a decision is made by the court, it is said that the court had decided to lift the corporate veil (Khoury and Yamouni, 2010). The facts of Gilford Motor Company Ltd v Horne (1933) are somewhat similar to the problem given in the present case. In this case, Mr. Horne was working as the managing director of the Gilford Motor Company. After he left the company, he decided to incorporated his own company. Therefore, after the entire production of his company, he started to solicit the clients of Gilford Motor Co. on the other hand, there was a non-competition covenant present in his employment contract. Therefore, the issue was if the actions of Mr. Horne's company can be considered as a breach of the non-competition covenant present in his employment contract. However, the court decided that this amounted to the breach of covenant and granting an injunction against Mr. Horne and his company. In support of its decision, the court stated that the company incorporated by Horne was merely a cloak that had been used by Horne for the purpose of breaching the non-competition covenant. A somewhat similar decision has also been given by the court in Jones v Lipman (1962). Therefore in Gilford Motor Co v Horne, the defendant was the ex-MD of the plaintiff. However, there was a restrictive covenant present in his employment contract. In view of this clause present in the employment contract, he was refrained from joining a business in competition with his former employer. Therefore in order to avoid this covenant, the defendant formed a company and he tried to transact his business through this company. Therefore, at the first instance, the court held that this company has been formed for the purpose of allowing the business to be carried on under the control of the defendant but without injuring the liability for the breach of the covenant. That was present in his employment contract. In this way, the court noted, the reality that this company was being used by the defendant as a channel through which he was performing his business in breach of the covenant. In such a case, it can be said that the company has been formed only as a cloak or sham due to the reason that in reality the business was being carried on by Chu. Due to the reason that the restrictive covenant prevented Chu from competing with the business of Computers Pty Ltd. whether as principal or, while acting as an agent for another party, it was not relevant if the business belonged to him or the belonged to his wife, provided that the business was being carried on by Chu. The only significance of the interposition of the corporation was to maintain the pretense that the business was being continued by other person. Therefore, in such a case it can be said that there is no doubt on the basis of the present facts that the company formed by Chu's wife was created for the purpose of acting as a channel through which Chu was going to carry on his business that will compete with the business of Computer Pty Ltd. Although under the corporations law, it has been provided that a company has to be considered as a separate legal entity that is distinct from those who manage the affairs of the company, but in the present case, it can be said that it was one of the reasons behind the creation of the company by Chu's wife was the fear that Chu may be held responsible for the breach of the covenant and with the help of the formation of this company, he may be able to avoid liability if he acted through the company. On these grounds, it can be said that this company has been formed merely as a device or a stratagem for the purpose of acting as a mask to effectively carry on the business of Chu. In the present case also, Computers Pty Ltd is required to establish in the court that the new company, Systems Pty Ltd had been formed only with a view to evade the application of the restrictive covenant present in the employment contract of Chu according to which he cannot compete with Computers Pty Ltd for a period of two years in New South Wales. Hence the court may decide that the corporate veil should be lifted in this case and the restrictive covenant in the employment contract of Chu needs to be enforced against the company created by Chus wife, Systems Pty Ltd. At the same time, as Computers had created a subsidiary company and the benefit of the restrictive covenant can also be provided to this company. References C Kidd, (1985) Partial Performance o Lump Sum Contracts: Proposals for Reform, 59 Australian Law Journal 96 Daniel Khoury, Yvonne Yamouni, 2010, Understanding Contract Law, 8th Edition, LexisNexis Butterworths Jane Swanston, (1981) Discharge of Contracts for Breach, 13(1) Melbourne University Law Review 69 M Dockray, (2001) Cutter v Powell: A Trip Outside the Text, 117Law Quarterly Review664; P Clarke, J. Clarke, 2016, Contract Law, Commentaries, Cases and Perspectives, 3rd Edition, Oxford University Press