Mythical Accounts By Ancient Egypt Essay - 1724 Words

Mythical accounts by the ancient Egyptians employed narratives to express its’ social conventions and the religion’s contextual foundations and influence in society. The myths describe not only the societal hierarchy, but also enactments of rituals and a chronicled view of life in ancient Egypt gripped by religious values. Mythology employs the believer’s creative imagination, where according to Ions: â€Å"Egyptian myths†¦cannot be considered as fixed stories†¦their function in the Egyptian religion was to provide a notation of symbols with which to express ideas; if the ideas changed, then the myth also had to change.† Despite these myths appearing to be fantastical, under today’s standards, these mythical narratives and the characterization of these gods â€Å"shape the most fundamental or ultimate values† of ancient Egyptians by providing the individual with â€Å"rules laying down what ought to be done or what ought not to b e done.† The myths involve the divine gods of ancient Egypt, illustrating their origins and association with mankind. In a sense ancient Egyptians are, as Byron E. Shaffer says, trying to: â€Å"attain both a comprehension of their beliefs and practices and an appreciation of them.† It was a means to incorporate the traditional values and religion with their everyday life, where through religion, individuals in ancient Egypt are connected to the divine world of â€Å"superhuman beings [that] are conceptualized by humans, and [humans] have a place in the shared cognitiveShow MoreRelated The Myth of Exodus Essay1180 Words   |  5 Pagesof the creation of a monotheistic religion and the similarities of the Exodus myth to the ancient myths, as well as how one should approach the reading of the myth. First of all, we need to understand what a myth is. William Bascom says in his essay, â€Å"The Forms of Folklore: Prose Narratives†, â€Å"Myths are prose narratives which, in the society in which they are told, are considered to be truthful accounts of what happened in the remote past† (Dundes 9). 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Debate Advertising Towards Children Can Only Be Seen as Harmless Free Essays

Introduce team members- Aidan Laura Marketing Debate Notes: On average, children in the U. S will watch 25 000 – 40 000 television ads per year. $15 – $17 billion is spent on these ads ? marketers see children as the future and aim to create brand loyalty from a young age. We will write a custom essay sample on Debate Advertising Towards Children Can Only Be Seen as Harmless or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore positive advertising at children will help shape the future ? developing healthy/positive lifestyles in children from a young age van only benefit society in the long run. Children’s diets result from the interplay of many factors. Multiple factors account for childhood obesity, including individual, social, environmental and cultural factors. Parents Money There are many children who appear not to be adversely affected by marketing targeted at them ? their parents’ instilled good values in them. Positive Effects of Advertising Children are the future and therefore allowing them to be subjected to more adult concepts that are displayed to them in marketing such as decision-making and critical thought can only prepare them better for the future. Marketing to children (and as a whole) works because it lives off of deeply held beliefs about self-expression freedom of choice ? ideologies that children can only benefit from being exposed to. Marketers use overly creative tools to engage the young audience – this creativity can used in the future to be successful. Communication in itself can be a force for real good ? this good is often overshadowed by the bad effects marketing has on, however if it has the power to do this then the positive advertising must have the potential to be as effective. Marketing helps develop children’s media literacy and critical decision making, which are necessary in adulthood. Through marketing, children learn to analyse what they are presented with and become more street wise. Positive Advertising Examples Nickelodeon: encourages physical activity, community sport participation, consumption of fresh fruit and veg Harry Potter Books marketing: nowadays massive budgets are given to book releases as well as movies – Harry Potter and Twilight books were promoted heavily and the igh sales of these books shows how successful the marketing was. Aus Kick and other community sports advertisements: advertising and sports sponsorship encourage children to participate in some form of physical exercise. Breakfast Cereals: all children’s breakfast cereals either promote healthy learning (sultana bran- fight the fuzzies) or physical activity (nutrigrain- ironman, weetbix- aus cricket team). These cereals are often sponsored by a sports team or organisation and therefore the cereals brand can be seen when watching these sports along with the primary advertising. This encourages children to value physical exercise and value their education. In 1998 3,000 children and teenagers under the age of 18 years in the United States begun smoking. Non-profit organizations and government agencies used social marketing and advertising to prevent children and youth from starting smoking. Now in 2010 the number has dropped remarkably due to advertising, which as changed the social norm. Children and young people are an interested and active consumer audience that should be acknowledged, valued and respected. Figure 2 ‘What I eat every day’ was a clear concern, with 83% considering this important. Similar studies during the late 1990s carried out by HPI for Procter and Gamble and Sunny Delight showed children far less concerned about their daily diet than they are nowadays (advertising is benefiting children). Daily diet was important across the age spectrum, with children as young as six to nine saying what they eat was important. What they eat every day was important to 81% of 14-16 year olds. Figure 6 Children understand the context and consequences of healthy eating. They were asked how they thought eating healthily could beneifit them and while fuel and growth was naturally highest scoring, they also recognized that healthy eating gives energy and promotes general well-being. They themselves talk a lot about balance; they know eating healthy eating promotes well-being as well as helping you grow. They acknowledge the need for a variety of different foods (dairy for bones, vitamins in fruit and veg) although most are unsure why. Burt. M. , 2009, Marketing to Children – An Ethical Predicament, Ethical Corporation. http://www. ethicalcorp. com/content. asp? ContentID=425 (accessed 3rd March 2010) Benady. D. , 2008, The Positive Power of Pestering, Marketing Week. Shah. A. , 2008, Children as Consumers, Global Issues, http://www. globalissues. org/article/237/children-as-consumers (accessed 10th March 2010) How to cite Debate Advertising Towards Children Can Only Be Seen as Harmless, Papers

Debate Advertising Towards Children Can Only Be Seen as Harmless Free Essays

Introduce team members- Aidan Laura Marketing Debate Notes: On average, children in the U. S will watch 25 000 – 40 000 television ads per year. $15 – $17 billion is spent on these ads ? marketers see children as the future and aim to create brand loyalty from a young age. We will write a custom essay sample on Debate Advertising Towards Children Can Only Be Seen as Harmless or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore positive advertising at children will help shape the future ? developing healthy/positive lifestyles in children from a young age van only benefit society in the long run. Children’s diets result from the interplay of many factors. Multiple factors account for childhood obesity, including individual, social, environmental and cultural factors. Parents Money There are many children who appear not to be adversely affected by marketing targeted at them ? their parents’ instilled good values in them. Positive Effects of Advertising Children are the future and therefore allowing them to be subjected to more adult concepts that are displayed to them in marketing such as decision-making and critical thought can only prepare them better for the future. Marketing to children (and as a whole) works because it lives off of deeply held beliefs about self-expression freedom of choice ? ideologies that children can only benefit from being exposed to. Marketers use overly creative tools to engage the young audience – this creativity can used in the future to be successful. Communication in itself can be a force for real good ? this good is often overshadowed by the bad effects marketing has on, however if it has the power to do this then the positive advertising must have the potential to be as effective. Marketing helps develop children’s media literacy and critical decision making, which are necessary in adulthood. Through marketing, children learn to analyse what they are presented with and become more street wise. Positive Advertising Examples Nickelodeon: encourages physical activity, community sport participation, consumption of fresh fruit and veg Harry Potter Books marketing: nowadays massive budgets are given to book releases as well as movies – Harry Potter and Twilight books were promoted heavily and the igh sales of these books shows how successful the marketing was. Aus Kick and other community sports advertisements: advertising and sports sponsorship encourage children to participate in some form of physical exercise. Breakfast Cereals: all children’s breakfast cereals either promote healthy learning (sultana bran- fight the fuzzies) or physical activity (nutrigrain- ironman, weetbix- aus cricket team). These cereals are often sponsored by a sports team or organisation and therefore the cereals brand can be seen when watching these sports along with the primary advertising. This encourages children to value physical exercise and value their education. In 1998 3,000 children and teenagers under the age of 18 years in the United States begun smoking. Non-profit organizations and government agencies used social marketing and advertising to prevent children and youth from starting smoking. Now in 2010 the number has dropped remarkably due to advertising, which as changed the social norm. Children and young people are an interested and active consumer audience that should be acknowledged, valued and respected. Figure 2 ‘What I eat every day’ was a clear concern, with 83% considering this important. Similar studies during the late 1990s carried out by HPI for Procter and Gamble and Sunny Delight showed children far less concerned about their daily diet than they are nowadays (advertising is benefiting children). Daily diet was important across the age spectrum, with children as young as six to nine saying what they eat was important. What they eat every day was important to 81% of 14-16 year olds. Figure 6 Children understand the context and consequences of healthy eating. They were asked how they thought eating healthily could beneifit them and while fuel and growth was naturally highest scoring, they also recognized that healthy eating gives energy and promotes general well-being. They themselves talk a lot about balance; they know eating healthy eating promotes well-being as well as helping you grow. They acknowledge the need for a variety of different foods (dairy for bones, vitamins in fruit and veg) although most are unsure why. Burt. M. , 2009, Marketing to Children – An Ethical Predicament, Ethical Corporation. http://www. ethicalcorp. com/content. asp? ContentID=425 (accessed 3rd March 2010) Benady. D. , 2008, The Positive Power of Pestering, Marketing Week. Shah. A. , 2008, Children as Consumers, Global Issues, http://www. globalissues. org/article/237/children-as-consumers (accessed 10th March 2010) How to cite Debate Advertising Towards Children Can Only Be Seen as Harmless, Papers

Ethics and Sustainability in Construction Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.c

Question: Discuss about the Ethics and Sustainability in Construction. Answer: Introduction: A business corporation is associated with different sectors of the human society at the same time, and the decision and actions associated with the particular organization can have the potential to harm the interest of the various stakeholders associated with the business operation. However, critical judgement and decision making is an inevitable part of the business process. Business ethics is considered to be that allows moral judgment of the individual that allows him to distinguish between the right and the wrong (Akrivou and Bradbury-Huang 2015). In case of a business corporation the organizational decisions are generally made with the singular motive of profit in mind which tends to overlook the aftermath on the welfare of all the stakeholders associated and the society at large. However, ethical and sustainable decisions taken on the behalf of the organization can benefit the organization in developing an influential corporate social responsibility that will facilitate long te rm and stable success for the organization (Murray and Dainty 2013). As many business process enthusiasts have opined, an imaginative and innovative corporate social responsibility is considered to be in the best interest of all the stakeholders associated with the organization. However it can seriously interfere with the shortest and fastest path to success for the organization as well. It has to be understood that maintaining a strong ethical and sustainable business practice will require for the organization to take actions that will not always be optimally beneficial. Hence it is matter of choice for the company to indulge in sustainable practice and take the responsibility towards the betterment of the society prior to the quickest route for success for the organization (Todorovi? 2012). This assignment will focus on a corporate organization that has taken the ethical and sustainable route to success by choice and setting up a glorious example for its peers and competitors. Overview of the Organization: Headquartered in Sydney, and founded in the year of 1958, by Dick Dusseldorp, Lendlease has emerged to be one of the most recognized property and infrastructure solution providing companies in Australia (Harley 2015). Although initially the company had a humble beginning initially, it has attained much recognition and enjoys a huge share of profitability as it currently operates in more than 40 countries. A considerable share of the profit of the company is being derived from its market in New York, Singapore and London. With more than 58 years of experience, the company has been managing a variety of building projects both within and outside Australia. The company also actively engages in multiple other projects, such as apartment development business and investmentmanagement of unlisted property funds. However, although the company is a primarily profit-driven, it considers sustainability to be central to its business strategy. In fact, it is worth mentioning in this context, that beside being a major revenue earning company, Lendlease has also emerged to be the first property company of Australia that has been included in the Daw Jones Sustainability Index in the year of 2011, for its active engagement in sustainability initiatives. Despite the financial constraint, or any other setback, encountered by the company in the process, the organization has always remained true to its commitment of providing landmark homes, that do have a very limited environmental footprint. This is primarily the reason why the company has been declared to be the Most Sustainable Company of the Decade in the year of 2010 (Blesing and Pelekani 2015). Overview of the Case Study: The following report is based on the case study that highlights the variety of sustainability initiatives as undertaken by the property solution company, Lendlease. Known more as a global construction company, Lendlease is nevertheless a company that is also a pioneer in sustainability. The case study clearly shows how much of the popularity of the company rests on its active engagement in a variety of human and environmental sustainability initiatives. It is interesting to note the fact that since the year of 2003, Lendlease has been successful in achieving 10.5 million sq m certifications in as many as nine countries across the globe (Apostolou 2015). It is equally a well-known fact that the company has achieved as many as 69 awards for its active involvement in a variety of sustainability initiatives. The company has been primarly employing the use of different renewable sources of electricity and further in order to ensure energy efficient methods, Lendlease has also set up the C arbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) that helps it to monitor and calculate its emission rate. In this connection, it is also interesting to note that the company also provides environmental awareness training to its staffs so as to help them conduct business in a more responsible way. The ESG factors (Environmental, Social and Governance) factors play a highly important role here, and the company has always been employing the use of green star rating tools and labels in order to benchmark as well as disclose the ESG performance of each of its assets and portfolios. While talking of sustainability, people usually refer to environmental initiatives undertaken by a company. However, it should be noted that Lendlease also maintains sustainability while hiring employees (Xia et al. 2015). Consequently, it does ensure workplace diversity by hiring employees belonging to different age, sex, class, ethnicity or abilities. In fact, the company has also set up its People and Culture Committee th at looks after the well-being and satisfaction of the employees coming from various ethnic backgrounds. Background of the Study: In order to ensure the unprecedented success as well as incredible business growth in future, any business organization tries to expand the areas of its operation and adopt multiple profit-oriented approaches. However, it is a less acknowledged fact that in order to ensure long-term sustainability in future, a company must decide to conduct its business in a responsible and sustainable way. An organization that contaminates and pollutes the environment, or does not attach sufficient importance to the needs and concerns of its stakeholders, will fail to sustain itself in future. Herein lays the importance of ethics and sustainability in business. An organization that is not merely driven by its desire to achieve profit, but rather conducts business in an ethical way, never loses out on its consumers, enjoys higher customer satisfaction rates as well as higher employee retention rates as well. Research has shown that companies that conduct business in a sustainable way, and ensures the well-being of the environment and welfare of the community it conducts business in, enjoys greater consumer recognition. It helps in developing the brand recognition and public image of the company, that in turn accounts for higher rate of profitability. Similarly, as an organization remains involved in multiple environmental campaigns and social welfare programs, its employees also feel motivated to work for the company (Pedersen 2015). Lastly, it is needles to state that the sustainability initiatives of the company help it achieve consumer loyalty as well. Keeping all these important factors in consideration, companies like Lendlease engage in Corporate Social Responsibility acts primarily because it wishes to achieve greater brand recognition, and wants its consumers to rely on it for further service in future. Thus, its sustainability strategy forms an integral part of its competitive strategy. Comparison and competition: Lendlease Corporation, based in Sydney Australia, has established a name for itself in the real estate market with its one of a kind technology and innovations keeping environmental sustainability at the heart of their business code of conduct. They started their journey back in 1973, with the vision to turn this society into an ethical and sustainable society for the future generation to live in and have the opportunity to enjoy the resources that we so mindlessly are destroying. The company has divulged time and effort in creating a smart and inclusive technology that can provide the residents with the state of the art facilities along with keeping the entire operation environment friendly and extremely sustainable (Lendlease.com. 2017). Along with that, in collaboration with Fujitsu group, they have now incorporated an automated telecommunication network based on a cloud backbone that will allow the entire residential buildings to have a easy to understand and upgradable home display system utilizing real time, historical and trend based energy system that will deliver residential resource usage data to all the residents and the developer at the same time (Beckmann, Hielscher and Pies 2014). This cloud based technology will allow the developers and the residents to keep a diligent track of the use or rather abuse of natural resources like water and electricity, to ensure that usage does not lead to exploitation. Along with that company has been upgrading and improvising their construction processes to utilize minimum material resources to ensure minimal exploitation hazards. They have an ongoing materiality assessment analysis done every other year to ensure that there are no overexploitations as an aftermath of the ir construction business. The company and its stakeholders pride upon the usage of green energy and renewable resources and with their superbly innovative and yet sustainable designs have attained them the honour of green star rated buildings. They have initiated the trend and now the entire globe is following their footsteps, or in the least attempting to do so, and with such a paradigm shift in the world of real estate, there will definitely be criticism and cut throat competition (Schaltegger, Ldeke-Freund and Hansen 2012). It has to be understood that with change, there is always a steady flow of resistance. However the Australia based construction giant has successfully dodged the blows of resistance to its path easily (Lendlease.com. 2017). However the challenge of market or customer resistance is not as influential as the challenge of competition. Although this particular company, has attempted to stay afloat in the dynamic economy by the means of ethical practice and sustainable innovations. One of the biggest competitors of LendLease Corporation is none other than the CBRE group of enterprise that has had the opportunity to earn a global recognition in tho world of real estate business. They are also the corporate organization that have had the upper hand in the real estate business with developing 6 star green buildings, that have the state of the art technology along with having the most environment friendly and sustainable design (Werbach 2013). The most vital environmental concern for the real estate business or construction in general, is the carbon emission impact on the atmosphere as an aftermath. CBRE group very alike to our chosen enterprise LendLease have incorporated technology and materials to reduce the level of carbon emission to a negligible amount as compared to the rest of the market (Ferrell and Fraedrich 2015). They have collaborated with eminent names in the sustainability and green construction in the form of real green research challenge that is undoubtedly a revolutionary step in encouraging the small scale real estate companies to take up the sustainable route. Now alike the LendLease company they have also incorporated carbon calculator, a one of a kind device that very easily calculate the carbon footprint and allows the builders to keep the carbon footprint level to th4 minimum. However, their buildings lack the revolutionary Fujitso cloud technology to measure and limit the usage of different resourc es in the residents (Lendlease.com. 2017). However, CBRE definitely indulges time and effort to ensure that the employees are aware and responsible of their contribution to the environment, by the means of green week. In this particular week the employees are motivated and encouraged to indulge environment friendly behaviour, giving back to the environment a sliver of what is taken on a daily basis. Both the companies however have a magnanimous workforce belonging to different cultural backgrounds, ensuring environmental sustainability but also socio-cultural sustainability as well (CBRE. 2017). Another substantial competition to the LendLease in the aspects of ethics and sustainability is the Abacus Property Group based in Australia. This organization however is attempting catch up- in the league of sustainable construction by the means of efficient property and resource management. They have incorporated technologies to optimise the domestic usage of water and other resources as much as possible, which is surely commendable but not as innovative as the Fujitso cloud technology utilized in the LendLease apartment complexes. Their approach towards sustainability is identifying and implementing cost effective and cost efficient ways of utilizing both renewable and non renewable resources to ensure optimal environmental sustainability however they still lack innovative measures to decline their carbon footprint alike LendLease or CBRE are doing so effortlessly (Abacus Property Group. 2017). Therefore, the comparison between LendLease and its significant competitors in the market clearly indicates at the somewhat global trend towards the ethical and environmentally sustainable practice in construction business. Therefore the most of the real estate giants are investing effort and monetary resources to attain recognition as a sustainable organization in the real estate market to catch the eye of the upstream and aware customer base. However, the question remains how connected the measures of the construction companies like LendLease are with the ethical code of conduct in real estate business (Lendlease.com. 2017). Code of conduct of relevant industry (Engineering) The engineering code of ethics worldwide focuses to continuously put public interest above all others. The aim of conducting ethical activities is to abide by the market philosophies and pursue self interest on the ethical and sustainability approach towards the industry they work for. As stated by Ciegis et al. (2015), it is the philosophy of engineering that sustainability shall be at the heart of the development and emphasis need to be made on the economic valuation in order to achieve environmental protection. As argued by Lozano and Lozano (2014), sustainability approach is an ethical principle behind the sustainable development that aims at meeting the demand of the environment. The engineering Australia recognizes certain code of conduct that determines the ethical values towards enduring the standard and requirement of the engineering practice. Meeting the community standard and aspiration of the engineering practice changes from time to time depending on the demand of the co mmunity, but it is important to carry out the activities in the most ethical and sustainable manner. The members of the engineering community are both the employees and the employers. These members should be responsible enough to ensure that whatever activity is undertaken by them should have the basic ethical approach. Any person not abiding by these situations should consider the loss that they might ensue in the process of professionalism. This is the reason that a professional code of conduct has been designed in order to keep all the professionals aware of the things that they have to follow in their business activities. The professional code of conduct of engineering industry or the professional engineers can be stated below: Demonstrating integrity: The engineering industries and the engineers should have the conscience to think what is right and what is wrong and that they should act impartially considering professional manner. The engineers need to be honest and trustworthy and they must carry the dignity to respect others. One of the important ethical approaches that the engineers need to undertake is to give fair chances to the practicing engineers (Harris et al. 2013). It is expected that the professionals need to be ensured that employees should be treated with full dignity without any kind of discrimination and harassment. The practitioners are needed to practice business activities considering the legal and contractual business obligations (Theiet.org 2015). If required, they can involve in honest and fair criticism but should never be responsible for any kind of discriminative activities. It has been found in the sustainability report of Lend Lease that they practice ethical leadership in their organizations and support the rights of the employees. As argued by Burgess et al. (2013), that if the organization fails to do so, it shall become really challenging for them to meet the market and environmental demand. Practicing competencies: The professionals need to focus on continuous learning experience as well that would gain them the actual knowledge and expertise on the ongoing development that they shall be able to act accordingly depending on the situation (Engineersaustralia.org.au 2015). If needed, it is also advisable to take help from other peers because there should be continuous support for the ongoing development. An important point of consideration is that the professionals should act on the basis of adequate knowledge and follow the legal standards that are commonly accepted (Appleyard et al. 2014). In terms of competencies, it has to be mentioned that Land Lease is one of the dominant engineering organizations operating in Australia but there are other organizations as well. Lend Lease has never failed in terms of competency level. The Company has always undertaken fair practice in terms of doing their business. Exercise better leadership style: A leader is the one who is responsible for upholding the reputation and the trustworthiness of the practice of engineering. The leader shall be responsible for any kind of public debate and deliberation to support and encourage diversity. In the globalized world, the impact of diversity and cross culture cannot be denied. The leader should have the capability of dealing with such diverse culture of people (Engineersaustralia.org.au 2015). A leader is also the one who is responsible for communication as well. Therefore, any kind of issues engineering related issues like engineering service, costs or outcome of the risks need to be handled in the right way by the leaders for better approach towards the engineering activities. The leaders of Lend Lease practice the best leadership style. They give right opportunities to the employees to present their views. Everyones decision is respected and there are no cases of gender discrimination or inequality has been evident to be practiced in the organization. Promote sustainability: The engineers or engineering practitioners should be equally responsible for carrying out the sustainability approach towards the work that they do. It is important to be responsibly engaged with the sustainable community and other stakeholders to promote better sustainability and ethical behavior (Engineersaustralia.org.au 2015). For this, the stakeholders need to be engaged in continuous sustainable approach. Engineering practice should also focus on promoting health and safety and the well being of the people who are involved in the overall engineering activities. There should be a balance in the present and the future sustainable approach in order to create a better future and environment for the people (Lozano and Lozano 2014). Lend Lease is very focused towards the sustainability approach in terms of building houses. The materials that are used for the manufacturing process are also undertaken considering the sustainability approach under consideration. Thus, it can be said that the code of conduct is rightly followed by the organization. The members are very professionals and the Company uses the right codes of conduct to carry on their business activities (Engineersaustralia.org.au 2015). To ensure that a competitive and professional standard is maintained, it is always likely that the organization is at the right track in terms of achieving its sustainability or ethical consideration as a part of their business activities. Findings: The importance of ethics and sustainable practice is paramount in every sector of the professional realm. The ethical approach to a profession eliminates the chances of bias and injustice and facilitates unbiased and justified practice and process at large. It has to be understood that a business runs on the balance of cooperation and blended effort from the end of all the internal and external stakeholders associated with that particular business process (Lendlease.com. 2017). Any bias or lapse of judgment can destroy the delicate balance which will eventually tarnish the reputation of the organization and interfere with the growth and success of the same. Now along with corporate ethics that enforces neutrality and fairness in the professional context, compliance with the environmental and socio-economic sustainability is a vital element of any corporate entity. It has to be understood that without making conscious effort towards restoring the deteriorating environmental balance we are only propagating towards the impending doom, and complying with a sustainable practice along with an ethical one will benefit not only the present but also the future (Ferrell and Fraedrich 2015). Through out the content of this assignment, the role of ethical and sustainable practice in the real estate business has been discussed in detail. On a more elaborative note, the construction business has a magnanimous responsibility towards both the society and the environment. The amount of carbon emission in the construction business is the major cause of atmospheric pollution and the massive amount of resources used in construction business is a major threat to environmental sustainability. The case study chosen for this assignment focuses on a real estate organization that has the vision of creating a hi-tech yet sustainable human society and the mission of restoring the environmental balance and giving back to nature a fraction of what we take every minute of the day (MacVaugh and Norton 2012). This organization has taken the pledge of reviving the environment and its former glory and is doing its part by incorporating technology that can reduce the carbon footprint half of its counterparts in the market without compromising on the luxury that they promise to the customers. In order to achieve this somewhat difficult goal they have joined hands with global representatives of groundbreaking technology like Fujitso group incorporating their cloud based automation system to track and manage the level of domestic usage of the resources even after the construction is complete (Lendlease.com. 2017). The code of conduct of engineering and construction business speaks of sustainable socially justifiable practice, which in very simplified terms emphasizes on leaving behind what we are enjoying for the future generations to come. With incorporating the cloud technology they are introducing an amazing opportunity to leave behind resources for the future generation to enjoy. With this revolutionary effort coupled with carbon calculator device they are introducing a practice that is sustainable in not just during the construction procedure but also thoughtful for the future of the buildings they make and the impact they are going to have on the environment for years to come (Lendlease.com. 2017). When discussing code of conduct, the importance of fairness and justice among the employees cannot be overlooked. Without a bias and discrimination free workplace environment how can a global organization work towards the greater good for the society and the environment? As mentioned above LendLease has achieved this pursuit as well by incorporating workforce from diverse cultural backgrounds and exercising fairness and impartial justice in the workplace. However, it must be mentioned that the global competitor of this organization has achieved to engage their employees to periodic activities that will encourage and stimulated their environmental and socio-economic responsibility (Crane and Matten 2016). Hence the organization under consideration in our study has not been able to engage in a activity so ethically appreciable which undoubtedly is a future goal that they need to set. The corporation in the zeal for achieving the goals of a society that is basked in the luxury of techno logy but still is humble towards the environment has foregone the aspect of cost effectiveness, which has been deftly achieved by the other competitor of LendLease, the Abacus group. Hence there still are challenges in the path for the organization to overcome with a set of strategically curated recommendations (Carroll and Buchholtz 2014). Recommendations: Lendlease has always been an organization that has been known for its commitment to the well-being of the environment, society and economy. Although the company has introduced many initiatives, it should set up important initiatives such as water conservation projects, which are highly relevant in todays world. In fact, according to a research, by the year of 2025, 1.8 billion people will be living in countries or regions with absolute water scarcity, and two-thirds of the world's population could be living under water stressed conditions (Crane and Matten 2016). Hence, it is recommended that the company can direct its effort in installing different water recycling and water reusing projects, that can also create water saving awareness amongst the people. Again, another important recommendation that can be suggested here is that being an Australian company, Lendlease can build shelter homes for aged and Aboriginal people of Australia. It is a well-known fact that a huge proportion of people staying in Australia belong to the elderly section ho are unable to support themselves financially. In collaboration with some of the reputed NGOs of Australia, Lendlease can easily support the well-being of these less privileged people by building aged care homes for them. While it would not have to fund the entire project on its own, it can easily achieve the brand recognition for having served the deprived class of people. Conclusion: On a concluding note it can be said that the human society has started to take the responsibility towards the society and the environment seriously. The increasing number of construction companies opting for the sustainable route to construction and real estate business bears the conspicuous proof of it. The impact of sustainable construction practices are being appreciated by the government and the rest of the society as well. On a more elaborative note more and more sustainable policies are being introduced in the nations to ensure tat we are not taking undue advantage of the nature and its resources and are making conscious efforts to restore the natural balance. It can be concluded from this assignment that LendLease along with its prime competitors belong to the list of real estate giants that are complying with the government policies of ethics and sustainability. At the ending note the efforts by the companies like LendLease must be appreciated, they are introducing the society to the alternatives o luxury living without destroying the nature in the process. They are the pioneers that are setting the trend for utilizing the technology to serve both purposes of providing luxury for the society and safeguarding the delicate balance of nature. a pursuit so ethically glorified needs recognition from all aspects. Although the obscene expense associated with these constructions should not be neglected as well. the company chosen for the study has undoubtedly achieved the goal of constructing buildings that are sustainable and yet one of a kind in technology and mindful of the future implications but they are made in a cost effective manner nor are pocket friendly. The entire society has a right to experience the brilliance that these companies are constructing and they need to take efforts to make their otherworldly innovations cost effective as we ll. References: Abacus Property Group. (2017).Abacus Property Group. [online] Available at: https://www.abacusproperty.com.au [Accessed 28 May 2017]. Akrivou, K. and Bradbury-Huang, H., 2015. Educating integrated catalysts: Transforming business schools toward ethics and sustainability.Academy ofManagement Learning Education,14(2), pp.222-240. Akrivou, K. and Bradbury-Huang, H., 2015. Educating integrated catalysts: Transforming business schools toward ethics and sustainability.Academy ofManagement Learning Education,14(2), pp.222-240. Apostolou, N., 2015. Harbouring a sustainable view.Property Australia,29(1), p.18. Appleyard, B., Ferrell, C., Carroll, M. and Taecker, M., 2014. Toward Livability Ethics: A Framework to Guide Planning, Design, and Engineering Decisions.Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2403), pp.62-71. Beckmann, M., Hielscher, S. and Pies, I., 2014. Commitment Strategies for Sustainability: How Business Firms Can Transform Trade?Offs Into WinWin Outcomes.Business Strategy and the Environment,23(1), pp.18-37. Biedenweg, K., Monroe, M.C. and Oxarart, A., 2013. The importance of teaching ethics of sustainability.International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education,14(1), pp.6-14. Blesing, J.E. and Pelekani, C., 2015. Seawater desalination-a sustainable solution to world water shortage Adelaide Desalination Plant. In3rd ASEAN Australian Engineering Congress (AAEC 2015): Australian Engineering Congress on Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy(p. 17). Engineers Australia. Burgess, R.A., Davis, M., Dyrud, M.A., Herkert, J.R., Hollander, R.D., Newton, L., Pritchard, M.S. and Vesilind, P.A., 2013. Engineering ethics: Looking back, looking forward. Carroll, A. and Buchholtz, A., 2014.Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Nelson Education. CBRE. (2017).Netherlands Offices. [online] Available at: https://www.cbre.com/ [Accessed 28 May 2017]. Ciegis, R., Ramanauskiene, J. and Martinkus, B., 2015. The concept of sustainable development and its use for sustainability scenarios.Engineering Economics,62(2). Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016.Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016.Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Engineersaustralia.org.au 2015 Our Code of Ethics Available at: https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/sites/default/files/2017-05/Engineers%20Australia%20Code%20of%20Ethics.pdf [Accessed on: 28-5-2017] Engineersaustralia.org.au 2015 The Ethical Engineer Available at: https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/portal/news/ethical-engineer[Accessed on: 28-5-2017] Ferrell, O.C. and Fraedrich, J., 2015.Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Harley, R., 2015. Lendlease boss upbeat on profit, diversification. Harris Jr, C.E., Pritchard, M.S., Rabins, M.J., James, R. and Englehardt, E., 2013.Engineering ethics: Concepts and cases. Cengage Learning. Lendlease.com. (2017).UK Home | Lendlease. [online] Available at: https://www.lendlease.com [Accessed 28 May 2017]. Lozano, F.J. and Lozano, R., 2014. Developing the curriculum for a new Bachelor's degree in Engineering for Sustainable Development.Journal of Cleaner Production,64, pp.136-146. MacVaugh, J. and Norton, M., 2012. Introducing sustainability into business education contexts using active learning.International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education,13(1), pp.72-87. Murray, M. and Dainty, A., 2013.Corporate social responsibility in the construction industry. Routledge. Naeem, M. and Neal, M., 2012. Sustainability in business education in the Asia Pacific region: a snapshot of the situation.International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education,13(1), pp.60-71. Pedersen, E.R.G. ed., 2015.Corporate social responsibility. Sage. Schaltegger, S., Ldeke-Freund, F. and Hansen, E.G., 2012. Business cases for sustainability: the role of business model innovation for corporate sustainability.International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development,6(2), pp.95-119. Sidiropoulos, E., 2014. Education for sustainability in business education programs: a question of value.Journal of cleaner production,85, pp.472-487. Theiet.org 2015 Rules of Conduct Available at: https://www.theiet.org/about/governance/rules-conduct/index.cfm [Accessed on: 28-5-2017] Todorovi?, M.S., 2012. BPS, energy efficiency and renewable energy sources for buildings greening and zero energy cities planning: Harmony and ethics of sustainability.Energy and Buildings,48, pp.180-189. Werbach, A., 2013.Strategy for sustainability: A business manifesto. Harvard Business Press. Xia, B., Zuo, J., Skitmore, M., Chen, Q. and Rarasati, A., 2015. Sustainable retirement village for older people: a case study in Brisbane, Australia.International Journal of Strategic Property Management,19(2), pp.149-158.

Breach of Covenant That Was Present †Free Samples for Students

Question: You have been asked to advise Computers Pty Ltd as to whether any legal action can be commenced against Systems Pty Ltd to prevent them from soliciting its customers? Answer: Introducation In the present case, the facts given in this question revealed the presence of the issue if Computers Pty Ltd can successfully sue Systems Pty Ltd for the breach of covenant that was present in the employment contract of Chu with Computers Pty Ltd. This issue has arisen as a result of the fact that after his retirement, a company, Systems Pty Ltd was incorporated by Chu's wife. This company has been taking on Business Law from the clients of Computers Pty Ltd. in NSW while restrictive covenant present in the employment contract of Chu provides that he cannot join any business that competes with the company for 2 years in NSW. Therefore, it needs to be seen in this case if Computers Pty Ltd can take action against Systems Pty Ltd for the breach of this covenant. 1.It appears that in the present case, as soon as Chu took retirement from the company, he had decided to start a business that was going to compete with Computers Pty Ltd. However, in order to fulfill this objective, a company under the name of Systems Pty Ltd had been formed by Chu's wife. She is the sole director of the company and also holds all the issues the capital in the company. This company is taking the business of Computers in New South Wales. The legal principle was provided in Salomon v Salomon according to which it was affirmed that after it's incorporated, generally companies considered as a separate legal entity that is distinct from its shareholders. In this way, the principle of separate legal identity of the corporation has been followed in Anglo Australian companies law for more than 100 years. Therefore, when a company acts, it acts on its own and not simply as alias for the persons controlling the company (Clarke and Clarke, 2016). In the same way, the shareholders of the corporations cannot be held labor regarding the debts of the corporation beyond the initial capital investment. Similarly, they do not have any proprietary interest in the assets of the company. In Jones v Lipman (1962), the defendant had entered into a contract for selling his land. However, later on he changed his mind. Therefore, the defendant found the company and he was the owner/director of this company. The land was transferred to this corporation and the defendant declined to perform the transaction. As a result, the relief was sought by the plaintiff. In this case, the court stated that the remedy of specific performance can be granted against the contracting vendor, because it was in his authority to force the other person to convey the property in question. Therefore, specific performance was ordered against the director and the company. The court held that the company cannot escape or divest itself from the knowledge that has been gained by it through the director. The court stated that the company was a creature of the controlling director or a device or a mask that the director holds before his face for the purpose of avoiding recognition by equity. However, there are certain circumstances where the court may arrive at the conclusion that the corporate veil needs to be pierced in a particular case. Therefore, while basic principle provides that under the corporations law, a company is treated by the law as having its own separate legal identity. And as a result, it is considered to be distinct from its members. But as time passed by, the courts have come up with several exceptions to the application of this general rule. As a result, now under some circumstances, it is available to the court to set aside the fact that the company enjoys a separate personality and concludes that the members of the company can be held responsible for its actions. When such a decision is made by the court, it is said that the court had decided to lift the corporate veil (Khoury and Yamouni, 2010). The facts of Gilford Motor Company Ltd v Horne (1933) are somewhat similar to the problem given in the present case. In this case, Mr. Horne was working as the managing director of the Gilford Motor Company. After he left the company, he decided to incorporated his own company. Therefore, after the entire production of his company, he started to solicit the clients of Gilford Motor Co. on the other hand, there was a non-competition covenant present in his employment contract. Therefore, the issue was if the actions of Mr. Horne's company can be considered as a breach of the non-competition covenant present in his employment contract. However, the court decided that this amounted to the breach of covenant and granting an injunction against Mr. Horne and his company. In support of its decision, the court stated that the company incorporated by Horne was merely a cloak that had been used by Horne for the purpose of breaching the non-competition covenant. A somewhat similar decision has also been given by the court in Jones v Lipman (1962). Therefore in Gilford Motor Co v Horne, the defendant was the ex-MD of the plaintiff. However, there was a restrictive covenant present in his employment contract. In view of this clause present in the employment contract, he was refrained from joining a business in competition with his former employer. Therefore in order to avoid this covenant, the defendant formed a company and he tried to transact his business through this company. Therefore, at the first instance, the court held that this company has been formed for the purpose of allowing the business to be carried on under the control of the defendant but without injuring the liability for the breach of the covenant. That was present in his employment contract. In this way, the court noted, the reality that this company was being used by the defendant as a channel through which he was performing his business in breach of the covenant. In such a case, it can be said that the company has been formed only as a cloak or sham due to the reason that in reality the business was being carried on by Chu. Due to the reason that the restrictive covenant prevented Chu from competing with the business of Computers Pty Ltd. whether as principal or, while acting as an agent for another party, it was not relevant if the business belonged to him or the belonged to his wife, provided that the business was being carried on by Chu. The only significance of the interposition of the corporation was to maintain the pretense that the business was being continued by other person. Therefore, in such a case it can be said that there is no doubt on the basis of the present facts that the company formed by Chu's wife was created for the purpose of acting as a channel through which Chu was going to carry on his business that will compete with the business of Computer Pty Ltd. Although under the corporations law, it has been provided that a company has to be considered as a separate legal entity that is distinct from those who manage the affairs of the company, but in the present case, it can be said that it was one of the reasons behind the creation of the company by Chu's wife was the fear that Chu may be held responsible for the breach of the covenant and with the help of the formation of this company, he may be able to avoid liability if he acted through the company. On these grounds, it can be said that this company has been formed merely as a device or a stratagem for the purpose of acting as a mask to effectively carry on the business of Chu. In the present case also, Computers Pty Ltd is required to establish in the court that the new company, Systems Pty Ltd had been formed only with a view to evade the application of the restrictive covenant present in the employment contract of Chu according to which he cannot compete with Computers Pty Ltd for a period of two years in New South Wales. Hence the court may decide that the corporate veil should be lifted in this case and the restrictive covenant in the employment contract of Chu needs to be enforced against the company created by Chus wife, Systems Pty Ltd. At the same time, as Computers had created a subsidiary company and the benefit of the restrictive covenant can also be provided to this company. References C Kidd, (1985) Partial Performance o Lump Sum Contracts: Proposals for Reform, 59 Australian Law Journal 96 Daniel Khoury, Yvonne Yamouni, 2010, Understanding Contract Law, 8th Edition, LexisNexis Butterworths Jane Swanston, (1981) Discharge of Contracts for Breach, 13(1) Melbourne University Law Review 69 M Dockray, (2001) Cutter v Powell: A Trip Outside the Text, 117Law Quarterly Review664; P Clarke, J. Clarke, 2016, Contract Law, Commentaries, Cases and Perspectives, 3rd Edition, Oxford University Press

What Personal Characteristics Make You Successful in Medicine Sam

What Personal Characteristics Make You Successful in Medicine SamThere are many questions that arise with students of secondary medicine; what makes a good student and a great student? And, to me, it's all about the GRE scores. The scores tell us what type of person a doctor is. The best students are the ones that have the best scores on the standardized testing tests.A high school student, if given the choice of the best and the brightest in the medical world for their potential doctors, I bet they would choose the best in high school. It's what makes a student successful in medical school. Your scores on the GMAT, MCAT, and NMSQT will make the difference between a very good and a very great student.In medical school, there is no room for filler. If you're a student who is trying to fill out your schedule, this is not the year for you. The hours are so long, and the training and classes are so challenging, that you will find yourself exhausted and on the couch without enough time to get all of your credits finished.I'm going to assume that you were in high school and your parents could afford to pay for your schooling. You should try to get as much standardized testing done as possible to get your 'primary' or basic training as a doctor. This could include the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), Medical College Admission Test (MCAT), National Medical Licensing Examination (NMLE) or National Certification Examination (NCLEX-RN).By the time you are in medical school, you will find that you have two choices. You can take the first exam in a year when you are a senior in high school. You will have a year of full training under your belt.If you want to take the next exam when you are in medical school, you will need to take the test in three to four years. Once you are finished with these tests, you will have finished your two years of general medical training, the first year of the residency and internship programs. This allows you enough time to finish all of your prerequisites and to give yourself the best chance to be a top performer in your medical field.If you decide to go back to medical school, you will find that your experiences with the GMAT will give you an edge in competing with other students who are serious about becoming a doctor. You might find that the standardized testing that you took in high school or in college helps to prepare you for the rigors of medical school. This experience can help you understand what medical schools expect and it can also help you determine whether or not the training in medical school is right for you.I hope that you now understand what personal characteristics make you successful in medicine Sam. It's all about your training and how well you perform in it.

The Classification of Cultures Essay Example For Students

The Classification of Cultures Essay Sam Vaknins Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web SitesCulture is a hot topic. Scholars (Fukoyama, Huntington, to mention but two) disagree about whether this is the end of history or the beginning of a particularly nasty chapter of it. What makes cultures tick and why some of them tick discernibly better than others is the main bone of contention. We can view cultures through the prism of their attitude towards their constituents : the individuals they are comprised of. More so, we can classify them in accordance with their approach towards humanness, the experience of being human. We will write a custom essay on The Classification of Cultures specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Some cultures are evidently anthropocentric others are anthropo-transcendental. These two lingual coins need elaboration to be fully comprehended. A culture which cherishes the human potential and strives to create the conditions needed for its fullest materialization and manifestation is an anthropocentric culture. Such striving is the top priority, the crowning achievement, the measuring rod of such a culture, its attainment its criterion of success or failure. On the other pole of the dichotomy we find cultures which look beyond humanity. This transcendental look has multiple purposes. Some cultures want to transcend human limitations, others to derive meaning, yet others to maintain social equilibrium. But what is common to all of them regardless of purpose is the subjugation of human endeavour, of human experience, human potential, all things human to this transcendence. Granted : cultures resemble living organisms. They evolve, they develop, they procreate. None of them was created the way it is today. Cultures go through Differential Phases wherein they re-define and re-invent themselves using varied parameters. Once these phases are over the results are enshrined during the Inertial Phases. The Differential Phases are period of social dislocation and upheaval, of critical, even revolutionary thinking, of new technologies, new methods of achieving set social goals, identity crises, imitation and differentiation. They are followed by phases of a diametrically opposed character :Preservation, even stagnation, ritualism, repetition, rigidity, emphasis on structures rather than contents. Anthropocentric cultures have differential phases which are longer than the inertial ones. Anthropotranscendental ones tend to display a reverse pattern. This still does not solve two basic enigmas :What causes the transition between differential and inertial phases ?Why is it that anthropocentricity coincides with differentiation and progress / evolution while other types of cultures with an inertial framework ?A culture can be described by using a few axes :Distinguishing versus Consuming culturesSome cultures give weight and presence (though not necessarily equal) to each of their constituent elements (the individual and social structures). Each such element is idiosyncratic and unique. Such cultures would accentuate attention to details, private enterprise, initiative, innovation, entrepreneurship, inventiveness, youth, status symbols, consumption, money, creativity, art, science and technology. These are the things that distinguish one individual from another. Other cultures engulf their constituents, assimilate them to the point of consumption. They are deemed, a priori, to be redundant, their worth a function of their actual contribution to the whole. Such cultures emphasize generalizations, stereotypes, conformity, consensus, belonging, social structures, procedures, forms, undertakings involving the labour or other input of human masses. Future versus Past Oriented CulturesSome cultures look to the past real or imaginary for inspiration, motivation, sustenance, hope, guidance and direction. These cultures tend to direct their efforts and resources and invest them in what IS. They are, therefore, bound to be materialistic, figurative, substantive, earthly. They are likely to prefer old age to youth, old habits to new, old buildings to modern architecture, etc. This preference of the Elders (a term of veneration) over the Youngsters (a denigrating term) typifies them strongly. These cultures are likely to be risk averse. .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef , .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef .postImageUrl , .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef , .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef:hover , .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef:visited , .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef:active { border:0!important; } .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef:active , .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u17cc3dcb9aa4351f7f22be7f58c2fdef:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Breakfast Club EssayOther cultures look to the future always projected for the same reasons. These cultures invest their efforts and resources in an ephemeral future (upon the nature or image of which there is no agreement or certainty). These cultures are, inevitably, more abstract (living in an eternal Gedankenexperiment), more imaginative, more creative (having to design multiple scenarios just to survive). They are also more likely to have a youth cult : to prefer the young, the new, the revolutionary, the fresh to the old, the habitual, the predictable. They are be risk-centered and risk-assuming cultures. Static Versus Dynamic (Emergent) CulturesConsensus versus Conflictual CulturesSome cultures are more cohesive, coherent, rigid and well-bounded and constrained. As a result, they will maintain an unchanging nature and be static. They discourage anything which could unbalance them or perturb their equilibrium and homeostasis. These cultures encourage consensus-building, teamwork, togetherness and we-ness, mass experiences, social sanctions and social regulation, structured socialization, peer loyalty, belonging, homogeneity, identity formation through allegiance to a group. These cultures employ numerous self-preservation mechanisms and strict hierarchy, obedience, discipline, discrimination (by sex, by race, above all, by age and familial affiliation). Other cultures seem more ruffled, arbitrary, or disturbed. They are pluralistic, heterogeneous and torn. These are the dynamic (or, fashionably, the emergent) cultures. They encourage conflict as the main arbiter in the social and economic spheres (the invisible hand of the market or the American checks and balances), contractual and transactional relationships, partisanship, utilitarianism, heterogeneity, self fulfilment, fluidity of the social structures, democracy. Exogenic-extrinsic Meaning CulturesVersus Endogenic-intrinsic Meaning CulturesSome cultures derive their sense of meaning, of direction and of the resulting wish-fulfillment by referring to frameworks which are outside them or bigger than them. They derive meaning only through incorporation or reference. The encompassing framework could be God, History, the Nation, a Calling or a Mission, a larger Social Structure, a Doctrine, an Ideology, or a Value or Belief System, an Enemy, a Friend, the Future anything qualifies which is bigger and outside the meaning-seeking culture. Other cultures derive their sense of meaning, of direction and of the resulting wish fulfilment by referring to themselves and to themselves only. It is not that these cultures ignore the past they just do not re-live it. It is not that they do not possess a Values or a Belief System or even an ideology it is that they are open to the possibility of altering it. While in the first type of cultures, Man is meaningless were it not for the outside systems which endow him with meaning In the latter the outside systems are meaningless were it not for Man who endows them with meaning. Virtually Revolutionary Culturesversus Structurally-Paradigmatically Revolutionary CulturesAll cultures no matter how inert and conservative evolve through the differential phases. These phases are transitory and, therefore, revolutionary in nature. Still, there are two types of revolution :The Virtual Revolution is a change (sometimes, radical) of the structure while the content is mostly preserved. It is very much like changing the hardware without changing any of the software in a computer. The other kind of revolution is more profound. It usually involves the transformation or metamorphosis of both structure and content. In other cases, the structures remain intact but they are hollowed out, their previous content replaced by new one. This is a change of paradigm (superbly described by the late Thomas Kuhn in his masterpiece: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions). The Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome Differentiating FactorAs a result of all the above, cultures react with shock either to change or to its absence. A taxonomy of cultures can be established along these lines:Those cultures which regard change as a trauma and those who traumatically react to the absence of change, to paralysis and stagnation. .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab , .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab .postImageUrl , .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab , .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab:hover , .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab:visited , .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab:active { border:0!important; } .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab:active , .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u959ff9f13dacf0c9619ebe1ec60f4fab:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Game Of Sports Marketing EssayThis is true in every sphere of life : the economic, the social, in the arts, the sciences. Neurotic Adaptive versus Normally Adaptive CulturesThis is the dividing line:Some cultures feed off fear and trauma. To adapt, they developed neuroses. Other cultures feed off hope and love they have adapted normally. Neurotic Cultures Normal CulturesConsuming DistinguishingPast Oriented Future OrientedStatic Dynamic (Emergent)Consensual ConflictiveExogenic-Extrinsic Endogenic-IntrinsicVirtual Revolutionary Structurally-Paradigmatically RevolutionaryPTSS reaction to change PTSS reaction to stagnation So, are these types of cultures doomed to clash, as the current fad goes or can they cohabitate ?It seems that the Neurotic cultures are less adapted to win the battle to survive. The fittest are those cultures flexible enough to respond to an ever changing world and at an ever increasing pace, at that. The neurotic cultures are slow to respond, rigid and convulsive. Being past-orientated means that they emulate and imitate the normal cultures but only when they have become part of the past. Alternatively, they assimilate and adopt some of the attributes of the past of normal cultures. This is why a traveller who visits a neurotic culture (and is coming from a normal one) often has the feeling that he has been thrust to the past, that he is experiencing a time travel. A War of Cultures is, therefore, not very plausible. The neurotic cultures need the normal cultures. The latter are the generators of the formers future. A normal cultures past is a neurotic cultures future. Deep inside, the neurotic cultures know that something is wrong with them, that they are ill-adapted. That is why members of these cultural spheres entertain overt emotions of envy, hostility even hatred coupled with explicit sensations of inferiority, inadequacy, disappointment, disillusionment and despair. The eruptive nature (the neurotic rage) of these cultures is exactly the result of these inner turmoils. On the other hand, soliloquy is not action, often it is a substitute to it. Very few neurotic cultures are suicidal and then for very brief periods of time. To forgo the benefits of learning from the experience of normal cultures how to survive would be suicidal, indeed. This is why I think that the transition to a different cultural model, replete with different morals, will be completed with success. But it will not eliminate all pervious models I foresee cohabitation.